Dear Professor Jaiswal,

There is no bounce. There was no "big bang". Confer :

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Edwin_Hubble_was_horrified_that_the_red-shift_meant_the_Heavens_were_being_stretched_out_from_the_EarthWas_the_Biblical_account_right_after_all

Dear Sandeep,

thank you very much for opening this challenging debate! As a starter, let me just note a few things here:

a) The singularity at the point that most physicists have come to call the "Big Bang" doesn't necessarily have to disappear when we endorse a Big Bounce theory. Because: If we are being honest with ourselves, the term "singularity" simply refers to a point in space-time at which our CURRENT maths and physics (appear to) break down. This does, of course, not necessarily imply that processes at and around this point could not be explained by some advanced physics that lie beyond our current understanding. --> Which leads over to my other three points:

b) If, indeed, there always has been, currently is and always will continue to be an ETERNAL cosmic "bouncing", then there just is no "first" bounce or cycle. This is probably very difficult for our human minds to grasp.

c) Irrespective of whether the "bouncing" is finite or happens infinitely in time, I think it is an open question whether the different cycles all bear the same characteristics or whether they are - on the most fundamental level - similar in their structures and behaviors. For instance, I would regard it as entirely conceivable that forms of matter - and potentially energy - differ across cycles. Whether "natural laws" or "natural constants" could potentially also be variable between different cycles, I haven't fully made up my mind on, though.

d) Finally, it would be worthwhile to ponder - at least from my point of view - whether there are any regions of space-time outside of the "bouncing universe bubbles". This question may also connect to discussions of different incarnations of multiverse theories.

Thank you & looking forward to keeping in touch,

Julius

Dear Jaiswal Sandeep,

If nothingness is zero and Universe is finite numbers of matters and energies in finite dimensions of space and time, there is nothing can multiply zero into integer numbers except infinity.

Same with our universe whatever from singularity or bounce or elses, the only first cause of things is the infinity being. Some physicists may said infinite number of multiverses, someone else said infinite number of bounces maybe, and common people called it as God as it is also the simplest understanding.