Hello! I would love to know about the production of secondary compounds, especially about phenolic compounds which are produced in the process of culturing plant tissue. It is supposed to be negative effects for the plant tissues, isnt it? Can anyone help me to explain more about this, and can we eliminate this phenominon? And, it would be better if you can give me the links or references as well. Thanks a lot!
Hi Phoebe
in TC phenolics may be induced by light, but also by some stress factors. Thus, cultivating in the dark may help.
You can culture callus or shoot tip and using biotic or abiotic stress such as salinity (Nacl concentration ) ,algae, gamma ray it will be very useful to increased it in your culture but all this depend on the plant type which you will used
I think that you are talking about the 'browning' effect, which has a negative impact on the explants and affect regeneration during plant tissue culture.
When the cut explants are placed on tissue-culture medium, in some plant species, brown phenolic exudation around the cut edges of the explants can be seen and even diffuse into the surrounding agar. They have detrimental effect on the explants and even lethal to them. Researchers are adding some substances into the medium to remove or reduce browning. Such substances are, for example, PVP, activated charcoal, antioxidant mixture (ex. ascorbic acid and citric acid) .......
If you use 'browning' and 'plant tissue culture' as keywords for online search, you will find plenty of info regarding this topic. Attached is one review paper for you, which focus on activated charcoal.
Thank you very much @Thomas, your answer is very useful to me. Thanks.
@Fedia, can you explain more about your answer, according to yours, the secondary products are useful? Did I misunderstand your answer? I think the phenolic compounds have negative effects on plant tissues, maybe because those substances are produced under stress condition, so they may be considered as an indicator of stress in tissue culture. But I'm not sure and that's why I ask for help.
I think about you want increased some medicinal compound by t.c so I advice you to make that as I am working in this point and found the biotic and abiotic stress very use full to have more concentration from medicinal compound
@Yuan-Yeu Yau, thank you for your enthusiastic answer. Truly thank you. But I actually ask about the secondary products (for instance, phenolic compounds) which are somtimes produced during the plant tissue culture. And if these substances were produced, meaning that the tissue culture are suffering from stress conditions ? Is it true? I have tried to find some research or knowledge relating to, but I couldn't. If you have more information about this, please help me. Thanks!
@Fadia, I got you idea now. I didnt think about medicinal compounds but that idea is really interesting because I also want to extract medicinal compounds from plants. Thanks for your anwer, now I know another way to take the medicinal compounds. Thanks
@ Phoebe, researchers are also using genetic engineering to produce secondary compounds (or medicinal compounds) from plants. Gene can be transferred through Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Agrobacterium rhizogenes induces many hair roots. Compounds are synthesized from the transgenes in the hairy roots will accumulate in the roots or directly secrete into the medium. If secrete into medium, compounds can then be directly isolated from the medium. Hairy roots can be re-use again to produce more intended compounds.
The production of phenolic compounds may affect the growth of the cultivated tissues , and we usually try to reduce the browning during the growth of the tissue, through the use of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and citric acid, adding to the Media activated charcoal or PVP and reduce the intensity of light. And reduce the period between Culture and other "Re culture", all these methods may lead to reducing the secretion of phenolic compounds
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