Is there a list of osmotically active substances available anywhere?
We know that osmolality will rise in the presence of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and galactose), oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltotriose), dextrose, sorbitol, urea, ethanol, methanol, glycol, mannitol, glycine, acetone, formaldehyde. What about other osmotically active substances?
Osmosis is the movement of a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration.
Thus, osmotically active substances can be defined as the solutes cannot pass the given semi-permeable membrane.
Therefore, your question of " can we say that each substance with the same organic functional group is osmotically active? ". I think the answer is NO. It depands on the nature and 'pore- size' of membrane and solutes.
Osmosis is a vital process in biological systems, as biological membranes are semipermeable. In general, these membranes are impermeable to large and polar molecules, such as ions, proteins, and polysaccharides, while being permeable to non-polar or hydrophobic molecules like lipids as well as to small molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and nitric oxide. Permeability depends on solubility, charge, or chemistry, as well as solute size. Water molecules travel through the plasma membrane, tonoplast membrane (vacuole) or protoplast by diffusing across the phospholipid bilayer via aquaporins (small transmembrane proteins similar to those responsible for facilitated diffusion and ion channels). Osmosis provides the primary means by which water is transported into and out of cells. The turgor pressure of a cell is largely maintained by osmosis across the cell membrane between the cell interior and its relatively hypotonic environment.
Article [Renal excretion of osmotically active substances in hemodyn...
Serdar Yuksel, unfortunately, I can't find this article anywhere...
"Osmosis is the movement of a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration"
Technically, is the movement of WATER. Still, i think is a pretty good answer.
I recommend it.
I can´t find the article recommended by Yuksel neither. But, i did find that it is in russian. I think you can request it here, in researchgate.
Last answer. Sorry, i get obsessed sometimes. This is the best answer i read, in my opinion.
https://www.quora.com/What-determines-whether-a-substance-is-osmotically-active
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