I think you should read this https://qz.com/1355672/stacking-concrete-blocks-is-a-surprisingly-efficient-way-to-store-energy/, because it is a form of mechanical energy transformation into electricity.
Most common form of storage in this case would be pumped hydro. You can find my reports on sizing energy storage systems for increasing the penetration of renewable energy systems using these four links:
1- Thesis Assessment of Renewable Energy Based Micro-Grids for Small Communities
2- Conference Paper Technical and Economic Analyses for Sizing PV Power Plant wi...
3- Article Sizing of PV-Wind-Battery Hybrid System for a Mediterranean ...
4-
Article Energetic and economic performance analyses of photovoltaic,...