Yes, it is possible to simulate boiling using the evaporation-condensation model without explicitly including air, but achieving successful and realistic boiling requires careful attention to initialization and boundary conditions. In the absence of non-condensable gases like air, nucleation sites for bubble formation are significantly reduced, making spontaneous vapor bubble formation during the boiling process challenging. This might explain why boiling was not observed in your simulations. To address this, you can introduce small regions or patches of vapor within the liquid domain at the start of the simulation, effectively initializing small volumes with the vapor phase to act as nucleation sites. This approach helps to promote the formation and growth of vapor bubbles, facilitating a more accurate representation of the boiling process.

Samia Sadaf I am working on the same topic. when you use 3 phases, could you please share with me how you set both liquid and vapor as secondary phase? for the evaporation model how you can set the transformation from liquid to vapor and both of them are in secondary phase?