(This also answers the criticism that the natural and the artificial shouldn't be mixed. The discussion takes the view that “natural” and “artificial/technological” are the same thing – and explains HOW they are the same thing) –
Let's begin with a statement I read recently, “Special relativity is the most fundamental, and thoroughly proven, theory in all physics.” I won’t question that but I will suggest that we consider quantum gravity (QG). There’s no theory of quantum gravity at present but modern physics seems to have little doubt that we will have a successful theory one day. Despite the enormous success of general relativity, that theory will require adjustments to fit in with QG. Quantum mechanics will also need modifications to fit in, as Einstein realized when he called it incomplete. In all history, there has never been a single theory that could be called 100% perfect in the sense that it explained every detail forever, and never needed refinements – and there will never be such a theory. Our period of history is no different and that other product of Einstein’s brain (special relativity) has brought great advances but must inevitably endure the same fate of being refined.
May I suggest possible modifications to the above theories – not to attempt to compete with quantum mechanics or the relativity theories but merely to demonstrate that refinements of them are conceivable.
First, quantum mechanics –
Reliance on bodily senses – extended to our technology – tells us things and events are distinct and separate. Acknowledging the correctness of this frame of reference means there are countless particles forming the cosmos. Recognizing the truth of a different point of view means these particles are unified by the action of advanced and retarded waves into one particle* - whether it be classified as a boson or fermion (or both). The interpretation of particles being in two or more places at once can be reinterpreted as being in one position i.e. unipositional, from the Latin ūnus meaning one. This unipositioned particle interferes with itself since it’s composed of self-intersecting Mobius strips which, because mass is united with spacetime, account for spacetime’s curvature. Unipositional quantum mechanics also means every particle is entangled with every other.
* "When we solve (19th-century Scottish physicist James Clerk) Maxwell's equations for light, we find not one but two solutions: a 'retarded' wave, which represents the standard motion of light from one point to another; but also an 'advanced' wave, where the light beam goes backward in time. Engineers have simply dismissed the advanced wave as a mathematical curiosity since the retarded waves so accurately predicted the behavior of radio, microwaves, TV, radar, and X-rays. But for physicists, the advanced wave has been a nagging problem for the past century."
("Physics of the Impossible" by Michio Kaku, 2009, Penguin Books, p. 276)
Second, addressing the subjects “non-causal” and “at once” –
All mass is composed of gravitational and electromagnetic waves, according to vector-tensor-scalar (VTS) geometry inspired by the title of Einstein's 1919 paper "Do gravitational fields play an essential role in the structure of elementary particles?" Both types of waves possess retarded and advanced components which cancel each other and entangle all masses. Wick rotation (time) is built into the Mobius strips and figure-8 Klein bottles composing (respectively) electromagnetism's photons and gravitation's gravitons. Therefore, all time (the entire past and present and future) is united into one thing just as all space and all mass are united into one thing. If time only passed rectilinearly - from past to present to future - the idea of waves travelling back in time would make no sense at all. But if time is curvilinear - with past, present, and future interconnected - time must be able to move from future to present to past.
(Unity of past/present/future may remove the issue of non-simultaneity – in special relativity – because the timing or sequence of events being different in different frames of reference can only exist if past/present/future are separate. The concepts of cause and effect are no longer separate when all periods of time are united, and everything can happen “at once”. This is similar to watching a DVD – every event on the DVD exists at once since the whole DVD exists but we’re only aware of sights and sounds occurring in each tiny fraction of a second.)
Third, proposing faster-than-light travel (a feature of special relativity is light-speed as the universal speed limit).
The Riemann hypothesis, proposed in 1859 by the German mathematician Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann, is fascinating. It seems to fit these ideas on various subjects in physics very well. The Riemann hypothesis doesn’t just apply to the distribution of prime numbers but can also apply to the fundamental structure of the mathematical universe’s space-time. Cosmic maths incorporates
1) topology (the two-dimensional Mobius strip and figure-8 Klein bottle which is immersed [not embedded] in three dimensions),
2) BITS aka electronics’ BInary digiTS, or base 2 maths, which encode the topology,
3) the real and imaginary numbers of Wick rotation (time),
4) vector-tensor-scalar geometry, describing interaction between photons and gravitons, and
5) the Mobius Matrix, combining the topological Mobius and mathematics' Matrix to explain higher dimensions.
How does the Riemann Hypothesis support Faster-Than-Light travel? Answer – Using the axiom that there indeed are infinitely many nontrivial zeros on the critical line (calculations have confirmed the hypothesis to be true to over 13 trillion places), the critical line is identified as the y-axis of Wick rotation (stated above to be the time component of space-time). This suggests the y-axis is literally infinite and that infinity equals zero. In this case, it is zero distance in time and space. Travelling zero distance is done instantly and is therefore faster-than-light travel.
It must be stressed again that I’m not saying the above ideas are either correct or incorrect. I’m merely seeking to show that modifications to special relativity, general relativity, and quantum mechanics are indeed possible!
Effects of the axial Doppler shift changing observed time:
The following are two proofs that all Doppler shift change observed time not just transverse. I have recently came across a text presenting the result of those proofs as the work of Einstein. The the two proofs and 3 linked files at the end are effects of this are original.
Proof that all Doppler shifts (axial, gravitational, and transverse) impact observed time, NOT just the transverse (An Expansion of Relativity). (rev. Feb.23) DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34080.25608
By Samuel Lewis Reich, [email protected], Cleveland, Ohio, USA, February 13, 2023, rev.Feb.14 &15 &18&19&23
Given: t=a time period as the observer senses it in his world, t’=time period of E number of events (like cycles) on the source as it can be sensed on source. Assume a relative velocity v between the source and the observer of v, therefore there are axial, gravitational and transverse shifts of electromagnetic signals moving between them.
A short proof based on definitions (may be confusing)
By definition: frequency=f = (number of events) in (time period t)=E/t in one’s own world. All Doppler shifts change observed frequencies, by some factor K, of events in signals from objects with some high velocity relative to the observer. It can do this by either changing observed E to KE=E’, or by changing observed t (in the signal source’s world) to t/K=t’. But time is measured in the observer’s world by the number of events that happened in a time period t’. He therefore sees E’=KE events in t. Therefore, the observer sees K=f’/f= t/t’ and t’/t=1/K. If l=ct: l'/l=ct'/ct=1/K. (Peter Kepp demanded I put cycles where you see E. I was just using 1. Since readers I used E which could be any thing that move at the speed of light)
If that sounds confusing here is a proof based on Fourier series:
Take any electromagnetic wave in a vacuum of the form sin(nft) or cos(nft) where f is frequency and t is time. Let V some value occurring at time=A. Any Doppler shift of the wave would have the form sin(K nft) or cos(K nft) That same value V in the Doppler shift of the wave is at A/K, where K is the frequency ratio of the Doppler shift f’/f. As a result: any value at time t in the original wave now is observed in the Doppler shifted wave at t’=t/k.
From Fourier series, all piecewise continuous functions (signals, etc.) can be
decomposed into sine and cosine harmonics of the form Am cos (mft) + Bm sin (mft), and sum over all m of the harmonics is the original signal. A Doppler shift is Am cos (mKft’) + Bm sin (mKft’) = Am cos (mf’ t’) + Bm sin (mf’ t’). Proof that the observed time in Doppler shifted signal is t’=t/K.
The first attached link is a PDF file below is more detailed proof also based on Fourier series and some impacts of it and the paradoxes in the blue shift. The other two attachments are impacts of the proven.
Probable Missing Direction Factor in Formula for Transverse Doppler Shift in Most Texts:
IF w is the angle between the a line (AB) from the source to the observer and the velocity V of the source relative to the observer, then w is angle in the axial shift formula.
Transverse shift equation in most texts f’=f [1-(v/c)^2]^0.5 (^ used for exponation)*
With w put in it: f’=f [1-(v sin w/c)^2]^0.5 (Note E. Wu once posted something like this)
· *EQ. 3.14 Special Theory of Relativity by V.A. Ugarov 1979
Note: The axial Doppler has an angle factor in it making it directional. Therefore, at relativistic velocities that angle becomes a dimension of time and space along with velocity. Also, the average (over all angles) of axial Doppler shifts is zero, but the average (over all angles) of the variance can be greater than zero.
The first attached link is a PDF file below is more detailed proof also based on Fourier series and some impacts of it and the paradoxes in the blue shift. The other two attachments are impacts of the proven.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pSJrKxFsXz4G8KPQPagVc29FqP3C-
r6u/edit?usp=share_link&ouid=100582835985029451887&rtpof=true&sd=true
---------------------------------------------------------------------
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SJ3adTk9XmBWAV-
6RoLE3UNV0hz5keGG/view?usp=share_link
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1srIlOZLhLTUl3h0b1wcaqpCHmQmukavq/view?usp=share_link
Samuel Reich Samuel, without yet reading into attachments - is the result of your proofs maybe explaining the root cause for the null result of the MM?
Gravitational, electrostatic and Planck’s constant change value at relativistic velocities.
March 4, 2023, By Samuel Lewis Reich, [email protected], Tribco Inc.
Abstract:
Proofs that the gravitational. electrostatic constant and Planck's constants change value at relativistic velocities in equations applied to particles with REST mass. When in equations applied to things moving at the speed of light, they are constants even at relativistic velocities.
Givens:
The link at the end is to a PDF file containing original proofs that the axial and gravitational Doppler shifts changes observed time and distance. Others came to that conclusion also.
For objects with a test mass the frequency(f) ratio of the axial Doppler shift is
Ka=f’/f=t/t’=l/l’=[1+(v/c) cos q] implying the that of time (t) and distance (l) =1/[1+(v/c) cos q]; where ‘ is the observed, v is positive for blue shift and negative for red shift. The angle between v and a line of sight to the observer (could be and instrument) is q.
Gravitational and Electrostatic Constants.
The formular for gravitational force is Fg=G (ma/ra)(mb/rb). For the case where the observer is much further than ra or rb away the a and b can be dropped because Doppler shifts for both are the same. The observed masses have a change with velocity of Doppler shift of 1/Kt=1/transverse Doppler shift for objects with a rest mass and 1 for other things. Force is
Energy(E)/time (t).
Therefore: G=(E/t)/(m/r)^2 ; ^=exponent E=mf cc (mf=mass transferred by the force). Since we are just interested in units not values.
G=r^2/(mt)
Because m, t, and r have the same transverse Doppler shift Kt can be ignore or set to one. However m has an axial Doppler shift of one (1). The axial Doppler shift of t and r = 1/Ka.
Therefore the observed G=G’=[r^2/(mt)] Ka/(Ka Ka)= 1/[1+(v/c) cos q].
The result is the gravitational constant varies with and q at relativistic velocities. Since electric charge has a mass and force between electric charges has the same equation, the electro static constant also varies as 1/[1+(v/c) cos q.
Planck’s constant h:
E=hf
h=E/f for light E and f have the same Doppler shifts = Kt Ka and h is a constant.
For things with a rest mass:
But when applied to particles with an a rest mass as does the uncertainty principle E has a Doppler shift = Kt and f =Ka Kt. The result is the Doppler shift of h is h’/h= 1/Ka.
The uncertainty equation (let # be the symbol for uncertainty): h/4Pi = #E#t; therefore
h’/(4 Pi)= #(E Kt) (#t/(Ka Kt))=#E#t (Kt^2)(Ka). Here h is a function of q and v.
Link to a PDF file of proofs that the gravitational and axial Doppler shifts change observed
time and distance like the transverse does:
---------------------------------------------------------------------- https://drive.google.com/file/d/1agua51JKM3nE7L17tmaWuluPiqQ4Ag55/view?usp=share_link
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Medicine
- Physiology
- Biosignals
- Biomedical Signal Processing
- Statistical Analysis