In this discussion, we aim to better understand the mechanisms by which the active components of propolis reduce cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease in animal models. A key question we seek to address is whether a specific type of propolis extract (aqueous, alcoholic, or a combination of both) demonstrates greater efficacy in achieving this effect. We invite contributions on the potential differences in the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of these extracts, as well as factors that may influence their therapeutic effectiveness.