I need to correlate the ionic state of Fe with the magnetic properties of Fe doped ferroelectric material. My way of synthesis is solid state reaction method.can I correlate the reason for magnetic properties of that ferroelectric material by taking core level spectra of Fe 2p and parent material site Ti? through XPS we do only surface characterization so is it useful or not? Can we confirm the incorporation of Fe ion in the parent Ti site through shifting of Ti corresponding BE peaks?
XPS is a very good characterization technique to incorporate the local chemical environment of our synthesized materials. We can argued qualitatively about the spin-orbit coupling and splitting with the particular B.E and intensity variations.
Well Regards,
Divya Arumugam.
If your sample is a single crystal, you will get a fresh surface by splitting. The iron spectra from such a surface will give you objective information about the binding energy of the core levels of iron and, consequently, its charge state. In case the sample is ceramic or powder, the surface will always be contaminated by the products of interaction with the atmosphere. It is possible to determine the binding energy only very approximately.
The question of the position of iron in the lattice is very complex. If you have standards, for example, a material where the iron occupies a titanium position and where it is in a different position, then with a sufficiently good resolution you can make a choice between these situations. Without this, I would say that to determine the position of iron in the lattice with help XPS unrealistic.
XPS is used to look at the surface composition and oxidation state of species present in the top 5 - 10 atomic layers. For a multi-compoennt system the surface composition can never, ever be the same as the bulk composition. You'll find that the major part of this surface is oxide and carbon. You would need to argon ion etch (or split a crystal as suggested above) to expose the bulk. Are you considerig XPS simply because you have such a unt in your facility? Your magnetic properties and their characterization is the real problem to focus on.
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