Dear Shankhadeep Chakraborty 

Dear RG Fellows,

In assessing the performance of the system, university professors and researchers, as a resource of human capital, should be put at the center in order to enhance their capabilities / skills and facilitate their inclusion in the university, in the civil society and the business system, also International.

It therefore becomes crucial ensuring adeguate  levels of research funding and remuneration appropriate to intercept the talents of the younger generation, avoiding the so-called "brain drain", so stabilizing the presence in the university of the best minds in cultural and scientific field for teaching , researching and externally for the third mission.

It is known that the ratio of investment in research / GDP and other indicators see now Italy, the cradle of civilization, culture and art, in positions strongly backward in the OECD. This financial situation is an obstacle to a sharp turnaround that enables the desired breakthrough. Therefore it is important the formation of the student, which must be geared to the action of the teacher / researcher, and the resources for teaching and researching.

The PhD (III degree level), since it is no longer the recruitment channel aimed at the university career, must assume the role of transmission belt of the invention and innovation in the country system. Therefore, we should significantly reform the relationships university / business world and institutions (the so-called organizations) through the simplification of bureaucratic procedures and, if necessary, studying modern incentives, easy to apply, allowing the subsequent placement of a PhD in these organizations.

In Italy the "brain drain" is increasing not for the sake of higher salaries but for the lack of reasonable perspectives such as adeguate tenure tracks, research instruments and resources, social appreciation. All these requirements are falling down in the last years and seem to be more explicative than the simple search for higher salaries.

Have a very nice evening.

Ting Fa Marg

Dear Shankhadeep Chakraborty,

This coefficient has not already been calculated, and it is difficult to learn even the accurate data of the emigrants or economic refugees of these days.

I agree with Andras, we can only give a rough estimation, but as for a very strict statstical analysis, it would be very hard, nearly impossible, to do it. 

Dear Shankhadeep Chakraborty 

Dear RG Fellows,

In assessing the performance of the system, university professors and researchers, as a resource of human capital, should be put at the center in order to enhance their capabilities / skills and facilitate their inclusion in the university, in the civil society and the business system, also International.

It therefore becomes crucial ensuring adeguate  levels of research funding and remuneration appropriate to intercept the talents of the younger generation, avoiding the so-called "brain drain", so stabilizing the presence in the university of the best minds in cultural and scientific field for teaching , researching and externally for the third mission.

It is known that the ratio of investment in research / GDP and other indicators see now Italy, the cradle of civilization, culture and art, in positions strongly backward in the OECD. This financial situation is an obstacle to a sharp turnaround that enables the desired breakthrough. Therefore it is important the formation of the student, which must be geared to the action of the teacher / researcher, and the resources for teaching and researching.

The PhD (III degree level), since it is no longer the recruitment channel aimed at the university career, must assume the role of transmission belt of the invention and innovation in the country system. Therefore, we should significantly reform the relationships university / business world and institutions (the so-called organizations) through the simplification of bureaucratic procedures and, if necessary, studying modern incentives, easy to apply, allowing the subsequent placement of a PhD in these organizations.

In Italy the "brain drain" is increasing not for the sake of higher salaries but for the lack of reasonable perspectives such as adeguate tenure tracks, research instruments and resources, social appreciation. All these requirements are falling down in the last years and seem to be more explicative than the simple search for higher salaries.

Have a very nice evening.

Ting Fa Marg

Dear Ting,

You have written a long comment and most of the information was new and astonishing for me. Unfortunately, I do not know well the Italian circumstances but I have thought, it is a democratic and fine operating country. The last paragraph, written with bold letters is a real surprise for me. I used to read articles of Italian scientists and I experienced that their facilities are excellent. I know that everything is relative but comparing my research opportunities with those in Italy I have still been working in the stone age.    

Would you be as kind as to explain what you understand as reasonable perspectives such as adequate tenure tracks, research instruments and resources, social appreciation.

Dear Andras Dear Shankhadeep Chakraborty, and RG Fellows,

I respond to every point: 

1- Blocking access to young researchers victims of linear or indiscriminate cuts in resources and the application of a reform of the university (Gelmini) based on a logic of class completely unjustified that claims to discern young people who have just started the research in a) and b) (two types of researchers), when it is known that the judgment on their work should be given on a medium-length period and the impact of publications of excellent products Emerges only in the long run from mainstream freeing effect; 

2- Such a frozen like the Italian university system destined to reset organics in two generations (due to the low turnover allowed) is not quite able to grasp the opportunities in terms of internationalization, access to innovations, application and dissemination of the same, etc. able to make it do the quantum leap needed to fill the gap between Italy and other more developed countries;

3- When in 2010 the government of the Right and Economy Minister Tremonti blocked shots salary until 2014, it was thought that this was a sacrifice imposed on all public employment. In contrast has not been so since before the judges, then the military and now the school has regained shots salary, while the University no. The responsibility for such a punitive measure is now also the government of the left that very superficially extended this block for another 2 years in the 2015 Stability Law decreeing the last rites of the university and research system.

4- Really worrying the indifference of mainstream media and television high audience broadcasts of political discussion concerned mainly  to denounce the alleged privileges and weaknesses of the country rather than to highlight the inequities and to pivot on strengths.  They should realize that there is a country-system healthy (households, firms, markets, etc.) which is a backbone for the recovery and future take-off, in the sense of quality and sustainable development and not merely the quantitative growth, evaluated by abstruse parameters  artfully constructed to put everyone in trouble.

5- In universities striking example is the ANVUR's (National Valuation Agency) abstract modeling; criteria invented, Byzantine indicators (which no one can reconstruct even by the inventors), the discouraging and demoralizing terminology sets in habilitations (eg limited work), the growing esterofilia and dismantling of the cultural and scientific Italian system. These are all elements that contribute to the final dismantling of the system of culture and science in Italy, the crucible of civilization and art, now relegated, as the great Greek, to the role of poor relative.

Thanks for you attention

Ting Fa Marg

Here enclosed my full relation on the problem titled Manifesto for the future of the University: the younger generation between innovation and excellence ( for the moment in Italian). Main paper delivered at the Messina Conference, April 10, 2015

In India the brain drain will increase further. Neither is there a quality education nor is there an opportunity for better studies.

The government is rooted deep into vote bank politics rather than country development 

Dear Shankhadeep Chakraborty, and RG Fellows,

In many countries, it needs a structural intervention in favor of the University in order to increase protection of research jobs (like it happens in private job act) and encourage the return of brains or the maintenance of a body of young researchers in their own country.

In the Italian case, however, the investment is not that of large corporations, but it is the financial commitment of each individual and his family on himself both in the case of brains return and especially in the prevention of the flight of young talents.

Obviously a career prospect not only uncertain but flattened on subsistence levels is not able to attract the self-investment of young people and their families.

Abroad, however, there are alternative rich investments in the university made by multinationals or large foreign universities or primary research centers so that they can recruit valid young and subtract them to their countries of origin.

Very kind regards

Ting Fa Marg

Brains are important to a country. Good brains and best brains. The best way of preventing brain drain is to sponsor and take a bond. state sponsored education must be recovered in terms of years of work or contribution towards tax, or planning. if not recovery planned from salary

Dear Satyaprasad Venkata, 

Dear Shankhadeep Chakraborty, and Dear RG Fellows,

In any country, the continuation of disincentive policy could lead to irreversible brain relocation abroad (in the early years can be a return) to countries that have undertaken consciously vice versa effective strategic line.

The question is very simple and straightforward,

the hoarding of the best young is achieved through incentives both

1- tangible (salary level and progression appropriate, access to funds, large equipment, complete and cured librarian patrimony etc.) and

2- intangible (little bureaucracy and simplification regulatory, scientific climate profitable, scientific and cultural cooperation, fertile environment for ideas and creativity, relationships with the enterprise system and the territory, etc.).

Have a nice day

Ting Fa Marg

Post scriptum 

Please see also my paper 

Conference Paper Manifesto for the future of the University: the younger gene...

See how nasty DJ has drained from CU to PU. This is a dazzling example.

Dear Ting,

Many thanks for your efforts to explain the troubles hampering the Italian research and higher education. Once I have read an expression: the world is a big village and ways of change are very similar. Regarding your points on the future and hope of research and also the progress of intelligent development in Italy, these are very similar to the Hungarian circumstances with the difference that our situation is much worse than yours. Our main troubles are many sided: 1. the lack of formation of a modern civilised society, 2. after the first WW the historical Hungary was destroyed that has had unhealed and painful economic, social and psychologic consequences, 3. the more than 40 year Soviet occupation. However, the most troublesome problem is that we were not able to create a progressive, democratic, political structure that would aim independent, free, social development for everybody. We are living in the jungle of illogical and deformed decisions decorated by ignorant bureaucracy. As there is no civilised society, people are not able to form their fate and we are victims of a voting thread-mill that does not serve the interests and progress of the country.  

Thus, I think you may have  hope.

Dear Roland,

What about the young men with a degree? In Hungary, mainly the young and experienced physicians, the finest other intellectuals – engineers, scientists etc. – have leaved the country.  Not only people with a degree but also other professionals (nurses, the best skilled labourers) have gone to UK, Germany, Sweden, into countries where they hope to realise their dreams, a well pay, more human circumstances, a better quality freedom and social atmosphere.   

Thanks to all contributors.

after reading your answers it seems the problems of many countries are almost the same. the same politicians with a narrow mindset.  the same so called democracy the same voting which makes no sense 

Dr Boszik wrote: "However, the most troublesome problem is that we were not able to create a progressive, democratic, political structure that would aim independent, free, social development for everybody. We are living in the jungle of illogical and deformed decisions decorated by ignorant bureaucracy. As there is no civilised society, people are not able to form their fate and we are victims of a voting thread-mill that does not serve the interests and progress of the country".  

- sounds very like uncivilised Australia too where there hasn't been a government taxonomic position in entomology for over 30 years! The only hope you have here of doing entomological research is if you have a private business (like me) and do your research on your own time. The brain drain from Australia has been going on for over 30 years too, mostly to Europe and the USA!