We are in the middle of a crisis, in the quarantines. Irresponsible behavior has brought us to our current state. We did not learn any lessons learned from viruses that preceded and resembled the COVID-19 virus. Today's topic is not the reason that led us to this situation but commenting on the measures we have taken. The study of (Bishwajit et al., 2017) examined the effects of physical activity on depression. Their study had a representative number of middle- and older-aged subjects (7204). They concluded that a lower frequency of vigorous physical activity was significantly associated with higher rates of depression diagnosed. Depression symptoms and physical inactivity are factors that are closely correlated with obesity (Garimella et al., 2016). The elderly population has a prevalence of anxiety and depression around 10 and 12 %, these findings are caused as a consequence of different factors. Health-related quality of life and physical function play an important role in depression and anxiety (Sousa et al., 2017). The logical conclusion is that physical activity can reduce the levels of depression. Many studies have addressed this topic. Throughout history, our race has evolved. From the beginning of the cognitive, through the agricultural and industrial revolution to the present, we can observe a trend of decline in physical activity. This trend was accompanied by the appearance of metabolic and chronic diseases. Chronic diseases are major killers in the modern era. Physical inactivity is the primary cause of most chronic diseases. (Booth et al., 2011). Physical activity primarily prevents, or delays, chronic diseases, implying that chronic disease need not be an inevitable outcome during life.
This brief introduction is just a small overview of the literature that has examined the topics of physical inactivity, depression, and chronic illnesses.
Because we are in quarantine, and our movement is restricted and in some environments disabled we face many difficulties. Speaking personally and listening to people from my surroundings, from a psychological point of view, quarantine has a rather negative impact on people. With this, the media and the internet, which is full of misinformation, make people panic.
The following questions are:
- Is quarantine an ethical solution?
- How will this inactivity affect people?
- How will inactivity affect obesity, chronic diseases, and ultimately, mortality?
Reference:
Bishwajit, G., O’Leary, D. P., Ghosh, S., Yaya, S., Shangfeng, T., & Feng, Z. (2017). Physical inactivity and self-reported depression among middle-and older-aged population in South Asia: World health survey. BMC geriatrics, 17(1), 100.
Booth, Frank W., Christian K. Roberts, and Matthew J. Laye. "Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases." Comprehensive Physiology 2, no. 2 (2011): 1143-1211.
Garimella, R. S., Sears, S. F., & Gehi, A. K. (2016). Depression and physical inactivity as confounding the effect of obesity on atrial fibrillation. The American journal of cardiology, 117(11), 1760-1764.
Sousa, R. D. D., Rodrigues, A. M., Gregório, M. J., Branco, J. D. C., Gouveia, M. J., Canhão, H., & Dias, S. S. (2017). Anxiety and depression in the Portuguese older adults: prevalence and associated factors. Frontiers in medicine, 4, 196.
You have touched on an interesting problem of long-term and epidemic-related effects. No one is dealing with them right now because of the current situation but in a few months, we will see a terrifying summary of what happens.
Patients have worse control of chronic diseases due to difficult access to health care and almost not existing private health care sector. Quarantine is associated with a lack of physical activity, social life and developing bad eating habits. It will result in a higher suicide rate, higher chronic diseases mortality.
In my opinion, two weeks of restricted quarantine won't lead to increased obesity. Although the quarantine should last as long as the pandemic will end, and we don't know how long it'll take...
Do not get the message other way, it is a good measure to follow up any traced contact towards possible development of symptoms. It is therefore a containment operation to prevent transmission. The first error made included failure to quarantine and plug the porosity at many ports of entry. Today, everyone is panicking due to the wild spread of a disease without vaccine nor treatment.
Kamoru A. Adedokun I agree with you. I just made a question to see how this will attract other health problems.
Yes! India has successfully controlled the rapid spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) by quarantining all incoming travellers.
You have touched on an interesting problem of long-term and epidemic-related effects. No one is dealing with them right now because of the current situation but in a few months, we will see a terrifying summary of what happens.
Patients have worse control of chronic diseases due to difficult access to health care and almost not existing private health care sector. Quarantine is associated with a lack of physical activity, social life and developing bad eating habits. It will result in a higher suicide rate, higher chronic diseases mortality.
In my opinion, two weeks of restricted quarantine won't lead to increased obesity. Although the quarantine should last as long as the pandemic will end, and we don't know how long it'll take...
Good for regular fixed wage earners, killing for daily wage-earners!
Quarantine in a single room would definitely help to halt the spread of COVID-19.
Self-quarantine or forced quarantine will be effective for people who are asked to do so by their employers (Government and private) with fixed wages and have the luxury to quarantine in a single room when their families are looked after. However, it will have a killing effect for labour force who themselves and their dependents live on their daily earnings with practically no savings; these people are often living together all in a small room.
Quarantine is a restriction on the movement of those who might have exposed to a communicable disease with an intention to prevent the spread of disease. Quarantine is certainly a solution to prevent the spread among non-infected persons.
India's approach seems to be successful so far. In Suriname (in South-America) we have a similar approach. We have 8 confirmed cases mostly imported. No new patients were tested positive in the last week and zero death. 565 people are in quarantine (government- or home quarantine). Home quarantine is also controlled by the government. Since March 29th we have also a night lockdown. I think that we also have to pay attention to social consequences as well as other health effects. We have to promote e-learning, home exercise etc.
Yes.
As the virus spread by aerosol from human to human . Quarantine is the best solution. You might have seen what happened to European countries. Situation in Singapore and South Korea contrast. At present India is in between.@ Nikola Todorović
Definitely....as solution..quarantine/isolation is very ethical.... rather we have to follow it religiously.... It is scientifically sound & showing communities - a way of living & sustenance in such pandemic situations...
Quarantine/Isolation/Lockdown brings a good break in one’s life....lots of time for introspection, prayers, finishing pending jobs, maintenance of sanitation and hygiene indoors ( includes physical activities) etc..... & in the worst scenario...depression is far better than death....
Preprint Investigating COVID-19: Quantifying recurring methodological...
Good ideas
Yes, and obvious. Quarantining has no alternative. As one of the most thickly populated countries like Bangladesh could control the widespread of COVID-19 significantly so far with even lots of constraints.
The first and important step in reducing the spread of the epidemic
Yes, quarantine is very useful, but it is stressful, but it is very useful to prevent the spread of the virus.
YES
Timesofindia.com: India beats other nations in Covid response: Study
Log on to : http://www.timesofindia.com
This recent review suggests wild range of quarantine‘s psychological impact, especially with long lasting. However it’s important to stop spreading the diseases so it is need to be handled carefully and try to make this experience tolerable.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30460-8/fulltext
Thank you all for replies, It's obvious that quarantine is good for stoping viruses.
But there are counties like Sweden and Belorus who have a different policy for fighting against COVID-19. I think that they had the idea to naturally develop immunity.
I'm curious to know what all of you think about these examples?
Death rate per million of Sweden = 65 (as of 9th April 2020) in comparison to neighbouring countries like Denmark = 40/million and Norway 20/million.....
Till date....Sweden has only followed/adapted the concept of social distancing with some general infection control measures to flatten the curve....
Strict “Lockdown“ is not there.... there educational institution, restaurants etc are still open....Like rest of the world they are not imposing strict preventive measures for their population....
Critics say the government seeks “herd immunity” from the coronavirus. That could lead to more deaths and their risky Corona virus strategy could backfire..(vox.com)
But their citizens are worried now and started following stringent actions by themselves...
Yes Rituja Kaushal , educational institutions in Sweden are open, but all universities and high schools reverted to distance teaching on the 18th of march. Only kindergarden and first to sixth grade schools are still accepting pupils on campus. The reason this is being done in Sweden is that closing schools for younger children would oblige a large part of the staff in the health care system to stay at home.
The situation in Sweden and India are quite different. Each country probably have to address a situation like this differently. In Sweden the trust in institutions and obedience to public recommendations is high, which makes it possible to avoid quarantine by force and imposing legal measures to make the community comply with these.
In the case of Sweden (I don't know anything about Belarus) this has the advantage of avoiding all of those questions Nikola Todorović brought up in his questions. Elderly people are however still in a vulnerable position here to since most of them voluntarily isolate themselves, seeing how negative the effects of this virus is on elderly people especially.
The Swedish death rate stands out as of now, mostly because many elderly people who can not care for themselves have contracted the viruses (nursing homes etc.). Other Nordic countries have managed to keep them safe much better than Sweden. This is unfortunate, but also a problem of lack of testing availability and equipment to protect those who work with elders.
I think there will be a lot to learn from the experiences in different countries, having been affected by and addressed this epidemic differently, once it has passed. To draw any conclusions now is just premature and speculative.
The question asked above is really relevant and good, and I hope some good research will be carried out in the future to adress this and similar concerns. The virus in itself is not the only thing that affects people's health.
What is significant about this Virus, it is highly virulent and thus transmission becomes just as challenging to quarantine and/or isolate the affected individuals.
before they are symptomatic.
New Zealand is on Alert Level 4 on 16 April there were 1,401 + 20 confirmed cases, 9 deaths, recovered 770 + 42. Only 14 were admitted to the ICU throughout the country. Note in Australia, Northern Territory has had zero deaths.
Quarantine is one of the elements.
For complete details watch the video in the link:
https://www.labroots.com/trending/chemistry-and-physics/17208/pandemic-silico-maths-modeling-helps-covid-fight
Under the International Health regulations 2005 of the Charter of the United Nations quarantine refers to containment of the quarantine diseases. Yellow Fever is one of those diseases for instance Brazil requires travellers entering their country to have with them evidence that they have been vaccinated. Covid-19 is heading in that direction. Quarantine measures are undertaken to protect those who do not have the disease at this point in time as opposed to isolation which separates those who have symptoms who are observed. The other measure is sanitation. Following on from the 1917 influenza epidemic later Penicillin was associated with treating infection (Florey of Australia) but it was sanitation to the environment which had the greater impact in reducing disease.
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I feel that quarantines are important in stopping the spread of coronavirus.
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Yes, it is certain that quarantine is good for not only spreading but also stopping the viruses.
Thanks..
“The technological developments in transportation played important role in the spread of the diseases in the 19th century. For instance, a cholera epidemic which broke out in India in 1826 reached London and Paris in six years. This seems very topical today considering the problems with airline travel and pandemics such as Ebola, MERS, SARS and Zika. Diseases today can spread geographically faster than at any time in history. With the industrial revolution and the use of steam power in marine transportation, a significant increase in the number of expeditions from Europe to Turkey, especially to Istanbul, occurred. Infectious diseases, such as cholera and the plague, that were prevalent throughout a wide geographical area from India to Europe occasionally reached epidemic proportions during the 19th century. The extension of international trade made the port cities potential sources of contagious diseases throughout the Mediterranean. Quarantine structures were used to isolate maritime travellers and crew, called Lazarettos, were used in the framework of applications as determined by legal regulations. Generally, the days spent in quarantine, which exceeded the duration of the journey between destinations, as well as poor accommodation conditions negatively affected the travellers. The Ottoman state also attempted to enforce precautions against contagious diseases, such as cholera and the plague, as they were among greatest problems of that century. Due to the
cholera epidemic in 1831, all ships that arrived in Istanbul from the Black Sea were placed under quarantine by the Ottoman state. In 1835, a quarantine centre was established in Çanakkale in an attempt to prevent the threat of epidemics from the Mediterranean area. The Istanbul Supreme Council of Sanitation was established in 1839. A consolidated International Sanitary Convention was agreed in 1903. These were early forms of global health governance[cited from Travel from Europe to Istanbul in the 19th century and the Quarantine of Çanakkale, Journal of Transport & Health, 2017, 4, 10-17]
Indeed yes, at least until the experts will have arrived to a fast detection test. The availability of masks and other protection equipment still a big challenge that we need it to be solved. Certainly, a successful vaccine for COVID-19 should be the best solution for our current situation.
Yes, undoubtely previous and present world experiences have confirmed the importance of quarantines for stopping and control the spread of this type of infectious disease, particular regarding the coronavirus.
.
Quarantine has protect us in the first phase of COVID 19. But it is not the solution to the problem. We have to be very responsible towards ourselves and others, so that Quarantine will not be appropriate the next months. Activity is possible and was possible during quarantine. That means, that we should not be pessimistic towards the question about the high incidence of depression. Mental health experts should enhance the personal responsibility towards COVID 19.
Quarantine if understood and applied globally ought to lead to reliable management of such diseases determined by the WHO eg Yellow fever.
Unfortunately Coviud-19 has no vaccine to control local and international spread.
Through quarantine we may able to slow the growth of number of cases but will not able to contain the whole pandemic.
It is followed all over the world including India but tesults are not encouraging that much.
Vaccine is the last hope.
New Zealand's policies seemed to have been successful on the pathway to elimination. In the past 2-3 weeks there have been two new cases for the Country on two travelers returning from India. Reference Ministry of Health, NZ Government Covid-19
Countries across Asia Pacific struggle with resurgences of the COVID-19, one data point is steering government responses: the share of cases with no clear indication of how infection occurred.
These patients cannot be linked to other confirmed infections or existing outbreaks by virus responders, indicating hidden chains of transmission. A growing proportion of such cases in a city’s resurgence pushes governments, like in Australia and Hong Kong, to take broad and blunt action, returning entire cities to lockdown-like conditions.
“You can hardly contain the outbreak because you have no idea where they will come out next,” said Yang Gonghuan, former deputy director general of China’s Center for Disease Control and Prevention. “When there’s more cases where the origins are unknown, it adds to the difficulty for containment.”
In contrast, a low share of cases of unknown origins means that authorities can stay relatively relaxed -- like in South Korea and Japan -- even if total daily new infections reach the hundreds. These countries can take a targeted and nimble approach, shutting down schools or workplaces where clusters are found, but allowing the rest of the population to live normally.
This data point is a telltale sign of whether resurgences across the world will flare up into bigger waves, and if residents need to gird themselves for a return to lockdown. Here’s a breakdown of how the places fighting flareups are using the number to guide their responses:
https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/diagnostics/covid-is-spreading-in-unexplained-ways-dimming-containment-hope/77000176
I think its better to improving immune function by lifestyle methods such as exercise and diet,
you can see our reports in my profile in researchgate
Also genetics both the phenotypes and genotypes with also the environment
I say it's not possible for a long time, So you'd better improve your immune function with lifestyle methods especially exercise. I suggest you read this article.
https://biomedres.us/pdfs/BJSTR.MS.ID.004799.pdf
in my opinion its better to improve immune function by modifying lifestyle indices like physical activity, Diet, as well as sleep and stress.
quarantine is for early spread.
Once there is local transmission, there is no role.
Then it is isolation, testing, distancing, ppe and mask, disinfection which work.
Most countries are now beyond early stages if spread
Dear researchers I searching for data, support, and explanations for the dramatic worst mortality data of Lombardia (N. Italy) in the first pandemic phase. Thanks for possible aid.
https://www.researchgate.net/post/The_novel_Coronavirus_in_N_Italy_Lombardia_COVID19_2019nCoV_SARSCoV2_shows_a_fatality_rate_compatible_with_SARS-MERS_Why
Linked pre-print papers: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341325862
Stay safe --sv--
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