Deducing the immunodominant T cell epitopes in each flaviviral proteome, parameters influencing the immunodominance, and understanding the extent to which each epitope induces the T cell cross-reactivity to the different serotypes are important for designing the appropriate vaccine ( Salje et al., 2018. "Reconstruction of antibody dynamics and infection histories to evaluate dengue risk." Nature 557 (7707): 719-723). However, the only licensed DENV vaccine, Dengvaxia® (Manufacturer: Sanofi Pasteur) is known to elicit suboptimal antibody responses against all the serotypes; however, unfortunately the vaccine-induced antibody responses diminish within 3–4 years after vaccination (Coudeville et al., 2016. "Estimation of parameters related to vaccine efficacy and dengue transmission from two large phase III studies." Vaccine.; 34 (50): 6417-6425). The application of the vaccine within Asian-Pacific and Latin American regions revealed that the children within 2–5 years of age who had never been exposed to DENV got at elevated risk for developing severe dengue upon vaccination (Hadinegoro et al., 2015. "CYD-TDV Dengue Vaccine Working Group. Efficacy and Long-Term Safety of a Dengue Vaccine in Regions of Endemic Disease." N Engl J Med. 373 (13): 1195-206). Moreover, currently there is strong support for the protective role of the cross-reactive T-cells over their pathogenic role during the DENV infection (Ngono et al., 2018. "Immune Response to Dengue and Zika." Annu Rev Immunol.; 36: 279-308). Therefore, is it really possible to develop an effective vaccine against Dengue Virus (DENV) infection?
It is much difficult to prepare such a stable vaccine.
I have talked with a professor of Stanford university Medical school about Dengue
Infection this year. Because we have developed viral-adsorptive biomedical particle more than 30 years, the most important problen against Dengue infection is a "InfectingTime after stung by mosquito". He said to me according to their in vitro examination, it will be within 10 min. Altough vaccine is not permitted even in Phillipines government by its risk for infants and adults, our particles is able to eliminate injected riquid with Dengue viruses if the particle were used within a few min. after stung. Also this particle is much effective to reduce inflammatory materials inside the dermis layer by "Electroadsorption Theory" and Reverse osmotic phenomenon. This particle adsorbs viral protein layer no matter what kind of virus, Therefore, Dengue virus E & GP protein will be adsorbed onto the surface of our highly charged Plasma Synthesized Inorganic Particle. It is the best solution to avoid Dengue Infection. Adsorption typical examination has done at Tohoku univ.Medical School.
Thank you so much. Such knowledge is so useful to study about DENV infection.
Here is an interesting project related to dengue vaccine in phase 3 trial since 2016 https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/dengue-vaccine-enters-phase-3-trial-brazil
in being extended under an internatIonal partnership (june 2019)
https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/en/2019/06/26/partnership-for-a-dengue-vaccine/
If you really want the prevention of Dengue Infection, you have to be maximum risk generation against "Resistant Dengue Virus". Therefore, Philippine government will not like to approve this vaccination yet.
According to viral structure( as molecular virology), organic material vaccination is able to promotes rapid mutation of Dengue virus and this method will generates further meaningless death by infection.
Right now, our inorganic Biomedical Material only can eliminate the Dengue Viral Population if the patent use immediately after stung by the mosquito.
You should make examination immediately. Thinking and Watching cannot make solution no matter how expensive our Biomedical Bio Assay Standard is.
In addition to Dengvaxia (which has caused some problems in the Philippines), TDV (Takeda company) and TV003/TV005 (Instituto Butantan) are promising candidates.
TAK-003 (Takeda vaccine) efficacy = 80,2%, regardless of previous exposure.
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