Calcium is essential for many patients

why as we found that daily supplementation with 500 mg calcium citrate and 700 IU vitamin D3 for 3 years prevented increases in plasma glucose and insulin resistance in the subgroup of participants with IFG at baseline but had no apparent effect among those with NFG. There was no effect of supplementation on markers of systemic inflammation among either subgroup.

Our results are consistent with cross-sectional studies that have reported an inverse association between calcium and vitamin D status, as measured by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and calcium intake, respectively, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes (5–11). Consumption of dairy products, a rich source of both calcium and vitamin D, has also been associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (38,39). Our findings are also in accord with recently reported findings from the Nurses’ Health Study, in which a reported daily intake of >800 IU vitamin D and >1,200 mg calcium was associated with a 33% lower risk of type 2 diabetes as compared with a daily intake of

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