Our primary interest is just understanding what is out there first, so I think we want to be able to count, size fraction, and maybe source plastic particles (the latter being least important in the beginning phase I guess). Give me your thoughts!
1. Dry the water sample, get the dried microplastic particles, and perform particle size distribution analysis (e.g. with Malvern Mastersizer 3000). This will answer both the count, and size-fraction part.
2. To know their molecular weight distribution, you can do Gel Permeation Chromatography or MALDI-TOF analysis of the recovered microplastics.
3. You can subject the recovered microplastics to the 'solvent liquefaction' process using ethanol and then filter analyze this liquid in GC-MS. The monomers formed can be traced back to the polymers they came from.
(Reference for solvent liquefaction: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S136403212030647X)