I would Like know whether it is possible to study the proteins and there concern genes involved in the DNA break repair and homologue recombination using a Real time PCR with out employing transfection studies.
You can study the various different proteins and their genes, but you may not find much change in their expression. What tends to be seen as more important is where in the cell (in relationship to the damage site) is/are the protein(s) located. I would recommend that if you want to study gene expression of DNA repair proteins that you also include some sort of immunofluorescence studies to confirm protein localization in your model.
I you are looking for protein expression changes post DNA damage, you could detect the changes using qPCR. If there are only few genes you may be interested, then you can design specific primers for qPCR. But if you are interested in quantifying a whole battery of DNA repair proteins, I would suggest, you try the RT2 Profiler PCR Array for 84 human DNA repair genes by SABiosciences.