Dear Nguyen Nga, which conductivity you mean? Thermal, electrical, wave, ...? Well, worth to know the dfferent polymorphs of TiO2 have different conductivies. Also introducing a dopant or a filler go in that direction. My Regards

I presume, you are asking about electrical conductivity. You can consider a few things:

1. Try to reduce pores in the PVDF matrix.

2. Use rutile phase of TiO2.

3. Instead of pure TiO2, use heterovalent doping to increase conductivity of the filler.

Nguyen Nga Here are some effective approaches to improve the conductivity of PVDF/TiO2 nanofibers:

• Utilize the rutile phase of TiO2: Rutile TiO2 has higher conductivity than anatase phase, enhancing the composite's electrical conductivity.

• Employ heterovalent doping: Doping TiO2 with elements with different valences introduces charge carriers and creates new energy levels within the bandgap.

• Reduce pores in the PVDF matrix: Minimizing porosity can enhance the composite's conductivity.

• Incorporate conductive additives: Introducing conductive fillers like carbon nanotubes, graphene, or metallic nanoparticles can create conductive pathways within the PVDF/TiO2 matrix.

• Optimize TiO2 nanoparticle size: Smaller nanoparticles provide a larger surface area for charge transfer, enhancing conductivity.

• Control the alignment of nanofibers: Aligning PVDF/TiO2 nanofibers in a specific direction facilitates charge transport.

• Apply chemical treatments: Surface modification or doping can alter the surface properties of TiO2 nanoparticles or PVDF nanofibers, promoting charge transfer and enhancing conductivity.

• Use temperature control: Optimizing temperature during electrospinning or post-processing can improve the composite's conductive properties.

• Explore synergistic effects: Combining different strategies can lead to synergistic effects and further enhance conductivity.