Does by simply exhibiting a Polarization - electric field hysteresis (PE) loop (with or without attaining saturation or with circularly ended loops) implies that the material is ferroelectric. How can I correlate PE loop results with any other tecniques and parameters for example permittivity and conductivity etc? Can anyone please tell me any sample which is purely non ferroelectric and how does its PE loop looks like?
If you want to demonstrate ferroelectricty, the PE loop has to be saturated. The matter is semi-seriously discussed in this paper, where a ferroelectric sample and a banana are compared http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/20/02/021001/meta.
thank you it is indeed helpful. So what does this loop with finte area indicate? does any material will show this PE loop when measured?
1)Structure determination (via XRD)should correspond to the formation of a non-centro symmetric structure.
2) Composition of the material system should be stoichiometric.
because many a times non-stoichiometric samples can be leaky electrically.
3) Sample should be insulating. Electrodes should be prepared properly, the bottom and top electrode should match.
4) For an unknown material, if you have some idea of the dielectric constant (preferably large enough), and tan d must be low preferably, as you will be apply high electric fields.
5) DC resistivity of the sample should be high.
6) A temperature dependent dielectric constant measurement will help you to know if there is a phase transition.
Once the above points are confirmed, there is every chance that you have ferroelectricity in your sample, and you can then go ahead with the P-E hysteresis loops measurements.
K. Sreenivas
Very interesting question and I am agree to K. Sreenivas as I think from XRD you can get many things like prof already explained. Thanks to Sir K. Sreenivas for more information.
I really appreciate the question asked above. It will help to the young researchers. I would like to thank Prof. K Sreenivas for explaining all the steps confirming the ferroelectricity in the materials.
Thank you for the feedback for this question. Can anyone please supplement this with the views about parameters as K Sreenivas sir mentioned. For different R C parameters which loop is to be taken as the most relavant to the sample. In specific how to fix these parameters for comparison purpose of different samples.
If the polarization has been saturated with applied the external electric field then you can say that the materials have a ferroelectric properties.
Also, the static[1,2] and the dynamic[3-5] hysteresis loop of ferroelectric materials can be determined by the saturation of polarization, the coercive field and the electric susceptibility as well as the equivalent energy field.
1. Modeling of hysteresis loop and its applications in ferroelectric materials Article Modeling of hysteresis loop and its applications in ferroele...
2. Lecture slides : a)Piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity: Phenomena and properties https://nanoed.tul.cz/pluginfile.php/4287/mod_resource/content/3/FPM_Piezo_lecture1.pdf
b)The Piezoelectric Effect, Ferroelectricity,... http://physics.ucsc.edu/~joel/Phys5K/12Phys5K-Lect4-Piezo&Photoelectric.pdf
3. Dynamic hysteresis loop in a ferroelectric heterostructure
Article Dynamic hysteresis loop in a ferroelectric heterostructure
4. A theoretical model for the electromagnetic radiation emission from ferroelectric ceramics Article A theoretical model for the electromagnetic radiation emissi...
5. Equivalent Circuit Determination of Quartz Crystals
https://www.omicron-lab.com/fileadmin/assets/various/App_Note_Quartz_V1_1.pdf
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