Hello, I'm wondering how SDS (surfactant) interact with cell membrane? the mechanism behind it. I heard it is used to denatured proteins. I want to know which protein residue does it affect specifically. Also, I found the research article saying the SDS can replace the cell membrane phosphate lipid. I don't know it is true for that. Since SDS molecule is in nanometer level, I don't know if it is able to replace the phosphate lipid.
if you know an expert in SDS or other surfactant, please let me know.
All you need to understand is the hydrophobic effect. The hydrophobic moiety of SDS can interact with hydrophobic residues of the protein or with the hydrophobic part of the phospholipids. In the former, the protein ends up exposing hydrophobic residues that were inside the protein structure (upon interaction with SDS molecules). Now the water can interact with the sulfate group and dissolve that part of the protein that originally was not even solvent-exposed. Same thing happens with the membrane. SDS will intercalate first with the phospholipids and will increase the hydrophilicity of the membrane promoting a leak first and complete disruption eventually. Not sure if replacement will occur, but intercalation at first must occur.
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