In Graphpad Prism this would be called a scatter dot blot on data generated by a "column" style sheet. The important factor here is that it is a bunch of individual data points with only a Y-axis value, and no X-axis differentiator. So, all of the data points fall under only a column-type category. Generally this would fall under the mean +/- SD or SEM of a normal column, but here they chose to plot it as a 1-dimensional scatter.
It is fairly similar (but still different) to another type of plot called a violin plot - which you can generate in software like R or python.