Soumendra Nath Thakur | August 14, 2025

Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) treats the universe as a single, continuous system whose behaviour - from the smallest particle to the largest galaxy cluster - follows the same set of rules everywhere and at every time. The key idea is that matter and energy have built-in properties, and when these properties interact through universal laws, all the structures and motions we see in the cosmos arise naturally, without requiring an external “designer” or intervention.

1. The Building Blocks: Mass and Energy

ECM begins by defining matter not just by its familiar “mechanical” mass, but also by a second type called apparent mass, which is linked to the particle’s frequency or motion. A particle’s effective mass is the combination of both. This concept is applied consistently to all particles - whether they are heavy and slow-moving like planets, or fast and light like photons. Because of this, ECM doesn’t need special exceptions, like assuming photons have “no mass,” which can cause contradictions in other theories.

2. Before the Universe Began

According to ECM, before the universe as we know it existed, there was already a state of extremely dense, high-energy matter and radiation. Even in that early state, the same physical rules applied as they do now. The start of the universe - or “cosmic genesis” - was simply a transition from this earlier state into one where energy and matter began to spread out and organize themselves.

3. The Start of Expansion

ECM explains the rapid growth of the early universe, called inflation, as the result of a shift in the balance between normal matter (with positive mass) and what ECM calls negative apparent mass. This shift created forces that naturally drove matter apart. Crucially, the same process can explain both the extremely fast expansion just after the beginning and the slower but still accelerating expansion we see today - there’s no need for separate, unrelated explanations.

4. Pushing the Limits of the Smallest and Largest Scales

The laws of ECM don’t stop working at extreme scales. At the tiniest scales, beyond what’s called the Planck threshold, energy and matter still follow precise rules based on their frequencies. At the largest scales - across the whole universe - those same principles explain why cosmic structures, like galaxy clusters and voids, form and evolve in the way we observe. The rules never “break” or require new ones to take over.

5. The Shape of the Universe over Time

As the universe evolved, regions dominated by normal matter and regions dominated by negative apparent mass developed side by side. These differences in “mass polarity” led to the large-scale structure of the universe - clusters of galaxies in some areas and vast empty regions in others - all as a natural outcome of the same forces that guide the orbits of planets or the motion of falling objects.

Bringing It All Together

From the very beginning to the present day, ECM uses a single, self-consistent set of physical laws to explain:

• How the universe began from a pre-existing energetic state.

• Why it expanded so rapidly at first and why it continues to expand today.

• How galaxies, stars, and cosmic voids formed and continue to evolve.

• Why the same rules apply to both the tiniest particles and the largest cosmic structures.

This means the universe’s formation, evolution, and structure don’t require outside planning or intervention. They are the natural results of the properties of matter and energy interacting under universal laws - laws that apply equally everywhere and at every scale.

ECM Evidence for “The universe’s formation, evolution, and structure can be understood as natural consequences of the intrinsic properties of matter and energy, governed by physical laws that operate consistently across scales”

In Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM), the entire cosmic evolution - from pre-universal conditions to present-day structure - is treated as a continuous unfolding of intrinsic mass–energy properties interacting under force laws that apply without scale restrictions. This is evident across the appendices cited:

1. Foundational Energy–Mass Formulations (Appendix 3 & Appendix D)

• Appendix 3 formalizes Fundamental Total Energy as

Eₜₒₜₐₗ = ΔMᴍ c²

Incorporating both mechanical mass (Mᴍ) and frequency-derived apparent mass (Mᵃᵖᵖ) into the effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ) term.

• Appendix D establishes Negative Apparent Mass (−Mᵃᵖᵖ) as an emergent, motion-dependent property - not a rest-mass anomaly. This definition enables the same governing equations (e.g.,

F = (Mᴍ − Mᵃᵖᵖ) aᵉᶠᶠ

To apply consistently to both massive particles and dynamic particles (e.g., photons) without invoking discontinuous exceptions like m = 0.

Result: This mass–energy unification allows gravitational, electromagnetic, and inertial effects to be described under a single law set, applicable from subatomic to cosmological scales.

Pre-Universal and Genesis Conditions (Appendices 9 & 10)

• Appendix 9 describes Cosmic Genesis as a gravitational–energetic transition, not requiring external initiation.

• Appendix 10 reconstructs Pre-Universal Conditions as a high-density, high-frequency field state in which matter–energy distribution obeyed the same force balance principles seen today, albeit at Planck-scale intensities.

Result: The origin of the universe is a natural consequence of state changes in an existing mass–energy continuum, not the result of ad hoc external “trigger events.”

3. Inflation and Mass-Energy Redistribution (Appendices 16 & 17)

• Appendix 16 models Cosmic Inflation as an outcome of mass-energy polarity redistribution (positive Mᴍ vs. negative Mᵃᵖᵖ) - a purely physical mechanism driving large-scale separation without requiring “expansion of spacetime” as a geometric postulate.

• Appendix 17 shows that under −Mᵃᵖᵖ displacement, internal force generation can maintain non-decelerative dynamics, explaining both early inflationary acceleration and later-stage cosmic acceleration within the same framework.

Result: Both rapid inflation and ongoing acceleration arise from the same intrinsic force–mass interaction law, showing cross-era consistency.

4. Planck Limits and Energetic Structures (Appendices 8, 21, & 29)

• Appendix 8 examines Energetic Structures Beyond the Planck Threshold, reinforcing that mass–energy transformations obey frequency-governed limits rather than arbitrary cut-off's.

• Appendix 21 defines Planck Thresholds and Nonlinear Collapse - demonstrating that when system frequencies approach fᴘ, transitions occur via well-defined ECM rules rather than undefined quantum-gravity “mystery zones.”

• Appendix 29 shows that ECM constants themselves emerge from a Cosmological Frequency Cycle, making them scale-linked rather than scale-limited.

Result: The same rules apply at ultra-small and ultra-large scales - no break in applicability across magnitudes.

5. Boundary Formation and Dual-State Evolution (Appendices 22 & 30)

• Appendix 22 describes Cosmological Boundary Formation as the natural outcome of gravitational–anti-gravitational mass polarity distribution.

• Appendix 30 extends this into the Dual-State Evolution Model, where regions dominated by positive Mᴍ and regions dominated by negative Mᵃᵖᵖ evolve concurrently under the same force equations, leading to the observed structure of galaxy clusters, voids, and accelerated separation.

Result: Cosmic structure and large-scale arrangement arise from the same polarity dynamics that govern local gravitational interactions - the laws scale seamlessly.

Synthesis

From the initiation of cosmic inflation to current galactic separation patterns, ECM

demonstrates that:

• The same force–mass–energy laws operate without discontinuity.

• All transitions - inflation, matter clumping, void expansion - are emergent phenomena, not imposed from outside.

• Both local and cosmic structures evolve as lawful consequences of the same underlying mass-polarity dynamics.

Thus, the universe’s formation, evolution, and structure can indeed be understood entirely as the result of intrinsic matter–energy properties governed by physical laws that are valid across all scales, exactly as your statement asserts.

References

1 Thakur, S. N. Appendix 3: Fundamental Total Energy in Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21532.19841

2 Thakur, S. N. Appendix D: Negative Apparent Mass and Mass Continuity in ECM. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10264.92165

3 Thakur, S. N. Appendix 8: Energetic Structures beyond Planck Threshold. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35283.28960

4 Thakur, S. N. Appendix 9: ECM's Cosmic Genesis and Gravitational Descriptions. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13289.40801

5 Thakur, S. N. Appendix 10: Pre-Universal Gravitational and Energetic Conditions. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23866.91849

6 Thakur, S. N. Appendix 16: Cosmic Inflation and Expansion as a Function of Mass–Energy Redistribution in ECM. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10108.86408

7 Thakur, S. N. Appendix 17: Internal Force Generation and Non-Decelerative Dynamics in ECM under Negative Apparent Mass Displacement. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26584.61446

8 Thakur, S. N. Appendix 21: Planck Thresholds, Energy Quantization Limits, and Nonlinear Collapse in ECM. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15017.51042

Thakur, S. N. Appendix 22: Cosmological Boundary Formation and Mass–Energy Reconfiguration in ECM Expansion. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26761.56166

10 Thakur, S. N. Appendix 29: Cosmological Frequency Cycle and the Constructed Foundations of ECM Constants. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35531.91685

11 Thakur, S. N. Appendix 30: Post-Latent Energetic Dynamics and the Dual-State Evolution of the Universe in ECM. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19281.44647