The Caco-2 cell monolayer mimics the human intestinal epithelium. One of the functional differences between normal cells and Caco-2 cells is the lack of expression of the cytochrome P450 isozymes and in particular, CYP3A4, which is normally expressed at high levels in the intestine. As the Caco-2 cell line has a low expression of the key enzyme CYP3A4, which generates the aflatoxin epoxide, the enzyme will be induced by adding 25(OH)2D3 on day 21 of culture.
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