Nina Bou, To use high-purity ethanol as a solvent, clean the substrate thoroughly, anneal the material, and achieve the ideal film thickness. Optimize the deposition technique (such as sol-gel spin coating or spray pyrolysis) and control film composition, thickness, and morphology to enhance film quality and transparency, achieving clear SnO2 thin films without stains.
Zinchenko, T., Pecherskaya, E., Gurin, S., Kozlov, G., Zhurina, A., & Shepeleva, A. (2022, December). Synthesis of thin-film layers of electrochromic panels based on SnO2 and WO3 by aerosol pyrolysis. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2373, No. 3, p. 032019). IOP Publishing.
Korotcenkov, G., DiBattista, M., Schwank, J., & Brinzari, V. (2000). Structural characterization of SnO2 gas sensing films deposited by spray pyrolysis. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 77(1), 33-39.