There are methods and software to measure facial emotions with videos or webcams. Valence is calculated with distinct emotions, arousal with muscle movements (action units following the Ekman FACE-system). 

It’s also possible to measure heart rate via webcams using software. As cited by Conati et al. (2009): "Heart rate (HR) [...] has also been used as an indicator of affective valence (e.g., Papillo & Shapiro, 1990)."

To measure emotional arousal one can use skin conductance level. As cited by Conati et al. (2009): "Skin Conductance (SC) has been shown to be positively correlated with levels of affective arousal (Dawson et al, 2000; Lang et al., 1993). "

  • Do you know how to measure emotional arousal with a webcam?
  • Do you know how to measure skin conductance with a webcam?
  • Do you know software measuring emotional arousal or skin conductance on a webcam?
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