6- The gravitational field is made up of gravitons. When gravitons enter into photon, the intensity of electricity and magnetic field increase, but photon has no electric effect. So, there should be two groups of gravitons that behave like electric field and a group annihilates the effect of other group. So, a group of graviton behaves like positive electric field and other one behaves like negative electric field and they annihilate each other electric effect. But they are moving, so a group of gravitons behave like magnetic field, and two vertical electric field and magnetic field do appear. So, gravitons are color charge or color magnet. When a photon shifts to blue in a gravitational field, gravitons convert to electromagnetic energy. In fact gravitons convert to color charge and magnetic color and enter into electric field and magnetic field of photon. It is acceptable because when photon is falling in gravitational field, its electric field and magnetic field increase. So, a Photon is made up of color charges and magnetic color, that they have linear speed equal c with photon motion and nonlinear speed in structure of photon, so they are moving faster than light speed. It is important that we note to speed of graviton (also color charge and magnetic color) that shown with Vg and explained before, its speed is faster than light speed, so that Vg>c and:

gradVg=0 in all inertial reference frames and any space

Sub Quantum Energy SQE

A sub quantum energy or SQE is a minimum set of color charges and magnetic color that has electromagnetic energy properties. Every photon is made up of a number of SQEs, so that photon energy E given by E=nSQE, where n is an integer, and n depends to photon frequency, this proportion does not claim that n is equal the frequency of photon, but simply represents the this physical fact that frequency has direct relation with the number and interaction of SQEs in the photon structure. Also for SQE we can shown:

grad VSQE=0 in all inertial reference frames and any space

This relation shows that in every condition the speed value of SQE remains constant and only the linear speed of SQE converts to nonlinear speed or vice versa. Besides the relation between SQE’s, we could conclude that the SQE linear speed in vacuum relative to the inertial frames of reference is actually the speed of light c. Since SQE in photon’s structure has a linear speed equal to c and also it has nonlinear motions, the real speed of SQE is when all SQE nonlinear motions turn into linear motions and it only takes linear motion. In other words the limit speed of SQE is VSQE which is faster than light speed c, i.e.

Thus there should be a logical explanation between energy increases and frequency increases. Therefore, based on SQE definition and relation could relate the relation between photon’s energy and frequency and the interaction between SQE’s in photon’s structure, i.e. with the increase number of SQE’s in photons, the interaction between SQEs in photon will increases and the frequency that originates from the interaction between SQE’s will increases too.

Photon mass

Considering the definition of SQE, every photon consist of some SQE, if we ignore the zero rest mass of photon, much better and more real physical phenomena may be investigated. Thus, a photon with energy E has a mass m=E/c2 and a linear momentum p=mc. In other words, a photon is a part of matter and has nonzero mass before creation that after converting to photon carries the same mass that had in the matter and after absorption by a particle (e.g. an electron), the mass of photon is added to the mass of the particle.

Conclusion

At the beginning of the 20th century, Newton’s second law was corrected considering the limit speed c and the relativistic mass. At that time there has not been a clear understanding of the subatomic particles and basically there was little research in high energy physics. Moreover, the approach of relativity toward the physical phenomena is hyper structural and explains the observations of the observer while there is little consideration to the intrinsic entity of the phenomena. However, in this point of view, through various arguments and investigation of some physical phenomena, it has been attempted to show the necessity of reviewing Newton’s second law. Today Physics literature faces numerous problems and questions that without considering the internal structure of the particles, they would remain unanswered. Moreover, the classical definition of energy that defines energy as the ability to do work, could not explain the interaction among the particle in high energies. The true understanding of physical entity of energy and the structure of photon, enable us to understand the structure of matter. Moreover, Newton’s second law is the only relation that shows the interaction between force and matter. This equation has the sufficient efficiency to explain and investigate physical phenomena, when it would be formulated based on the natural reality of matter and the effect of force on the matter. The reality is that the external force, no way and under any physical condition, could not change the speed value and it only could convert the linear motion of the constituting particles of matter and energy to the nonlinear motion and vice versa. Moreover, one could explain the expansion of the universe better and more real through reviewing Newton’s second law.

Due to needing new approaches in solving physics problems, I have tried using the relativity to explain sub quantum particles in the new sub-quantum space and through them analyzed and described the physical phenomena by intervening classical mechanics in this Point of view. The limitations of Newton’s second law and gravity were surveyed and the transformation of a black hole to the absolute black hole was explained. According to this point of view, we are able describe the singularity in the explosion state of an absolute black hole with regards to VSQE>c. It is very well consistent with the inflation theory. In addition, we can show that how we can use the sub quantum space to describe nature of time in order to understand better the nature of spacetime. With a detailed look at the sub quantum space, we can explain the relationship between speed and spontaneous symmetry breaking, when the particles linear speed is reduced, physical symmetry, one after the other is broken spontaneously. With Best Regards

gravitational red/blueshift is only a matter of how slower / faster the observer's clock is, compared to the clock of the frame where light has been emitted. This is the official accepted explanation. In the frame of reference of photon nothing is changing because of gravity. The red/blueshift only depends on the observer's time. If time is slower (greater gravity) you will detect a blueshift, since in your clock's period you receive more wave crests (higher frequency). Vice versa with less gravity (redshift). About the energy the relationship is E=hf , where "f" is the frequency.

Dear Marco

Thank you for your interesting comment. I agree with you that in the redshift or blueshift "photon nothing is changing because of gravity." is the official accepted explanation.

A photon escapes from a gravitational field (redshift), because it has kinetic energy.

Photons cannot escape the gravitational field of a black hole, because lose all kinetic energy. So official explanation is not true.

We need a new explanation.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280150715_Modern_physics_problems_and_solutions?ev=prf_pub

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280626794_Unified_Force_Energy_and_Mass?ev=prf_pub

Article Modern physics; problems and solutions

Article Unified Force, Energy and Mass