Is there any way to differentiate graphene and graphite using any characterization technique?
Or is there any theoretical equations for both materials? So that i can differentiate them. Basically i have synthesized Graphene but i am confused that is it graphene or graphite? Since x ray pattern for graphene and graphite is almost identical.
I need a detail answer.
If you are confused about whether you have graphite or graphene, then Raman spectra would give you better information than XRD. The 2D peak shape for graphite and graphene are different. Although, the 2D peak shape changes with the number of graphene layers but if you have more than 10 layer of graphene, the peak becomes similar to that of graphite. Also, the 2D peak shifts to higher wavenumbers. For example, 2D peak for graphite appears at ~ 2750 /cm but for thin layer (
Lot of literature are available on Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite. Have a look on that.
XRD diffraction pattern of graphite fits to the P63mc space group since it has a hexagonal structure. The attached files provide informations for Raman shifts.
If you are confused about whether you have graphite or graphene, then Raman spectra would give you better information than XRD. The 2D peak shape for graphite and graphene are different. Although, the 2D peak shape changes with the number of graphene layers but if you have more than 10 layer of graphene, the peak becomes similar to that of graphite. Also, the 2D peak shifts to higher wavenumbers. For example, 2D peak for graphite appears at ~ 2750 /cm but for thin layer (
With addition of Khaled's answer, go through the following article
Probing Layer Number and Stacking Order of Few-Layer Graphene by Raman Spectroscopy. small 2010, 6, No. 2, 195–200
DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901173
Raman spectroscopy is an important tool for identifying the proper interaction or bonding between two components. Fig. 1 shows the Raman spectra of RGO, RF, PRF10, and PRF13. The Raman spectra of RGO consist of three prominent characteristic peaks, namely D band, G band, and G0 (2D) band confirming the formation of RGO. Other details can be obtained in our paper published in JMCA DOI: 10.1039/c3ta14212d : Encapsulation of g-Fe2O3 decorated reduced graphene oxide in polyaniline core–shell tubes as an exceptional tracker for electromagnetic environmental pollution
XRD can differentiate between graphene and graphite. Whereas graphite is a well know 3D crystal structure that gives a typical XRD pattern, graphene oxide (GO) is a 2D structure giving (in the best cases) only the reflections (100) and (200). The 2theta position of such reflections depends on the interlayer distance between the graphene layers. Here you have a very interesting paper from the ICDD. I have detected these two peaks of a GO layer on Si(100) with a grazing incidence geometry (omega < 0.3º) with a 2D detector. The 2D detector give me, a part of the 2theta peak, a high preferred orientation of the graphene layers as it would be expected.
@Francesc. XRD easily differentiates between GO and graphite. But this question is about differentiating graphene from graphite. Are you assuming that graphene is similar to graphene oxide? They have significant difference in properties.
For XRD you can found more information concerning the difference of n-layer graphene patterns in this paper.
Andonovic et al, Enhanced model for determining the number of graphene layers and their distribution from X-ray diffraction data", J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2113–2122. doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.216
http://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/6/216
https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=56b740346143252f718b4596&assetKey=AS%3A326480702787584%401454850474067
For X-ray, the answer is very easy, the related XRD peak for graphene oxide is around 10 (2 ϴ ), while this peak for graphite is some where between 25-30 (2 ϴ ).
XRD peak of graphene oxide is around 10° and carbon graphitic peak is large and appear around 26°
I think you have to use Raman spectra, cause you will have a better information than XRD. The 2D peak shape for graphite and graphene are different. In the case of XRD it s known that the peak of graphene oxide (GO) is around 10, but if you want graphene i think there is a small different beetween graphene and graphite about 1 or 2 and also the peak of graphene is larger than graphite.
The most eay way- to use Raman.In RS spectra of graphite you can register overtones and very strong low frequency mode, in graphene- no. E.G. for excitation 1.064 mkm in graphite spectra you can find 85 cm-1 very str, 1581 cm-1 ( G-mode), 1968 cm-1 ( second order tone), 2134 cm-1 ( second order tone), 2206 cm-1( second order tone), 2605 cm-1( well known 2D mode) as well using analysis of 2D mode shape.
Here I applu our old paper on graphite and CNT- Vibrational spectra of carbonaceous materials: a SEIRA spectroscopy versus FTIR and Raman / Dovbeshko G.I., Gnatyuk O.P., Nazarova A.A., Sementsov Yu. I., Obraztsova E.D. // Fullerenes, Nanotubes and carbon nanostructures.- 2005.- Vol.13, №1.- P.393-400
and RS spectra of graphene you can find anywhere.
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Physical Sciences
- Materials Science
- Materials
- Carbon Materials
- Graphite