Dear Rezvan, The report gives the name of the powder (flint galss) and its index of refraction, the medium (water) and its index of refraction, used for the calculation of the curve. the most important are maybe the d data: 10% of your particles is smaller than 26 mum, 50% smaller than 80 mum, 90% smaller than 164 mum. the mean article is about 90 mum (or about 0.1 mm). The specific surface 0.165 m2/g is fairy small. I.e. it is a relatively coarse grained filler (d(0.5) around 10 mum would be better - especially if you expect reinforcement. The red curve with maximum gives you the probability distribution vs. particle size on a logarithmic scale, the sigmoidal curve is the integral, or cumulative curve.

Hello,

The first thing you have to know about Malvernsizeris that it considers that your particules are circular. This is a prerequisite for its calculations.

If I understand correctly, you have non rond shape glass, so you have to be really carreful with your results.

First, be carefull because your results are express in % of volume of particles.

The graphic shows that you have particles with diameter between 1 to 300 µm. Your D05 is 82 µm so you have half of the particule volume with sizes under 82 µm and half of the particule volume with sizes over 82 µm. This means that you have more particles under 82 µm because they are smaller, you need more of them for the same volume.

In the interpretation you must be carefull. From my point of view the small particles might be, at least for a part, a question of seeing the smaller face of your glass particles. So it is really difficult to interpret correctly those results.

If I were you I would complete this data with a microscopic analysis (with pictures and image analysis). This will help you understand size thanks to morphology.

Hope this will be helpfull.

Emma

I can see little wrong with a single result.  What is your issue?  However, some comments:

• The result is a single average of 10, so we have no idea of stability - for example, if there was any dispersion needed
• Volume results are standard in light scattering - same as mass for a constant density.  Powders are normally sold on the basis of mass or volume not number of particles.  However, I do agree with Emma that microscopy is essential for any material - gives a handle on the shape, crystallinity, state of agglomeration etc
• Your utilized optical properties should not affect the result dramatically (size >> 25 um) although the value of 1.745 seems a little high for flint glass (was this a measured or book value?).  The imaginary (absorption) component of 0 is impossible for an irregular material.  Only possible for a homogeneous transparent sphere (ISO 13320:2009 Section 6.6.3). See also:

 October 24th, 2013 Optical properties of silica https://www.brainshark.com/malvern/vu?pi=183081886&text=M021507

• All particle sizing techniques deriving a single number (including imaging: circular equivalent diameter, Feret's diameter etc) are based on an equivalent diameter.  That's why microcopy is essential and more than one dimension can be isolated and the shape of the material seen
• At the size of your material (sgnficant material > 75 um) then sample to sample variation (reproducibility) is your major concern and representative sampling is key. See:

December 14th, 2010 Sampling for particle size analysis - estimation of standard error

https://www.brainshark.com/malvern/vu?pi=zH8zgQtOvz5chz0&tx=preview

https://www.brainshark.com/malvern/vu?pi=zGBzlGgVGz5chz0&tx=preview

Some Basics in the attached.

Dear Emma 

Thanks for your answer, was very useful and complete. I am not Sperta in this field only me I need the grain size of the abrasive, in this case is glass. (ground glass and waste) it is true that the glass does not round grain. and thou hast well said that we must turn to SEM microscope.

CAn you helpme  to understand the parameters measured as,... span, and surface weighted mean D (3,2), and vol.weighted mean d (4,3) also specific surface area?

Cordial greetings

@Rezvan To understand the basic moment means read the attached Basic Principles in the previous reply or a standard text book such as T Allen Particle Size Measurement Chapman and Hall 4th Edition (1993).  The SSA (in m2/cm3) is related to the Sauter Mean Diameter, D[3,2], by the simple equation SSA = 6/D[3,2].  If you have or assume a density the SSA can be converted to m2/kg  which is the SI standard (I'm used to m2/g).  If you use your data in your attachment you'll see that 6/36.288 = 0.165, so the calculation is assuming unit density for the glass and is uncorrected for the real density. Thus the SSA is expressed as m2/cm3  in your report.

The span is a dimensionless measure of the width of the distribution (x90 - x10)/x50.  ISO uses x for particle size. d assumes diameter (of a sphere).

At these sizes, manual microscopy is ideal.  An electron microscope is not needed unless one wanted to study the surfaces of the glass in detail.

Some more useful webinars:

March 30th, 2011 The Basic Principles of Particle Size Analysis” Part 1 – Overview and the numbers

https://www.brainshark.com/malvern/vu?pi=zGIzm4aOmz5chz0&tx=preview:

March 30th, 2011 The Basic Principles of Particle Size Analysis Part 2 – The basic techniques for particle size analysis https://www.brainshark.com/malvern/vu?pi=zEsz6RAEZz5chz0&tx=preview

 March 30th, 2011 The Basic Principles of Particle Size Analysis Part 3 – Light scattering techniques for PSA

https://www.brainshark.com/malvern/vu?pi=zGmznyX0mz5chz0&tx=preview

@Rezvan Fundamental question.  What does the particle size distribution mean to you? For what reason are you measuring the size distribution?  Not good measuring something until you know why you're doing it....

 Thanks a lot for complete answer.

I need the grain size, because to make abrasive that cuts,  so that it does not damage the object. for example here I have had problems with the glass,  because the glass that I'm using is not the glass with maximum quality,  It is a discards glass and milled. and some times are more than 150micron  large-grained, thus It causes problems  for production . , then it's not good. Now I wanted to know the details of the above chart as:

as ssd, vol. w.M d (4.3), etc .... what are they?

as you have explained to me SSD very understandable, please also on other topics explains.

it has been very usfull

Thank you

@Rezvan  Read the attachment on the Basic principles and look at the webinar:

March 30th, 2011 The Basic Principles of Particle Size Analysis” Part 1 – Overview and the numbers

https://www.brainshark.com/malvern/vu?pi=zGIzm4aOmz5chz0&tx=preview:

Once you have done both of these activities then come back with questions.  For abrasiveness you will need shape information...

Dear Alan 

It was very interesting for me ...it had very important information.

Thanks a lot 

Dear Rezvan,

They are many basic documents to understand the grain size analysis, but I advise you to consult the following documents which are synthetic:

Blott, S. J., & Pye, K. (2001). GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments. Earth surface processes and Landforms, 26(11), 1237-1248. http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~raman/Ashfall/Syllabus/Entries/2009/6/21_GSD_files/GRADISTAT.pdf

Folk, R. L., & Ward, W. C. (1957). Brazos River bar: a study in the significance of grain size parameters. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 27(1).

Folk, R. L. (1966). A review of grain‐size parameters. Sedimentology, 6(2), 73-93.

Passega, R. (1964). Grain size representation by CM patterns as a geological tool. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 34(4).

Good luck,

I do not know what you analyzed or what you look for, but in the analysis (with Malvern analyzer) the particles are assimilated to spheres.                                                                                                                               d (0.1) 10% of the particles have a diameter less than the indicated value.                      d (0.5) 50% of the particles have a diameter less than the indicated value.                      d (0.9) 90% of the particles have a diameter less than the indicated value.                       D (3.2) is the average diameter calculated with respect to the surface area of the particles.                                                 

D (4.3) is the average diameter calculated from the volume of the particles.

Good luck