Is there any chemically-based protocol/reaction to estimate (in a spectrophotometer) the unknown concentration of the produced PLGA nanoparticles in my batch?
What do you mean with concentration? If you need to describe it as weight per volume, then you can do the following: After preparing you nano particles, dry them in a freeze dryer and weigh that dried powder then disperse it in a given volume of distilled water. Lets assume that you got a weight of 5 mg of the freeze dried particles, then by dispersing them in 2 ml dist. water, you have a concentration of 5mg/2ml nano particles.
However, it is much preferred to describe the concentration of nano particles using the count rate. Count rate is measured on DLS zeta-sizer, agood count rate or concentration would be 200-400 Kcps on malvern zeta sizer.