Dear Minkee Cho, almost always gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are used. Please have a look at the following documents. The last part of the second attached file gives a list of ASTM standard procedures to analyse VOCs. My Regards
Before applying any method, it is essential to establish a sampling procedure and the associated calibration. SPME sampling with GC detection is a good choice in my opinion. For water analysis, SPME may be used by direct immersion in the liquid, or by analyzing head-space over the liquid. There are thousands of papers on this application, but you can look at recent reviews. The calibration may be done by making water solutions of the VOCs of interest at concentrations close to those you are going to measure in your samples. All measurements should be done at constant temperature. If you have a list of VOCs to be detected, a simple GC with FID detection should be sufficient. If you are looking for unknown degradation products, GC/MS is ideal, using spectra libraries of mass spectra.