Unfortunately psychoanalysis today has many faces, even if most psychoanalyst declare some roots in freudian thought. Many psychoanalyst declare that they use more than a model in their clinical work. I think it is not useful give you a long list of papers and book. You could begin with the introductory chapters of the last ( or not the last ) edition of "Psychodynamic Psychiatry" by G Gabbard. They are written many times by G Gabbard, that is a psychoanalyst and they give a look to psychoanalysis as a whole. I recognize that the clinical point of view cannot be the best one for you, but maybe it' s easier to understand. If you are intested in traditional psychoanalysis, some books you can easily find of Brenner can be suitable, and indeed Freud S : Introductory lectures to psychoanalysis.

Last, a little bit more sophisticated book: Models of the Mind. Their Relationship to Clinical Work.

Concerning Lacan or you read - if you speak good enough French - his book "Écrits" (Paris: Seuil 1966), or otherwise in English two works from Bruce Fink: (1) The Lacanian Subject. Between Language and Jouissance. Princeton University Press 1995. (2) A Clinical Introduction to Lacanian Psychoanalysis. Theory and Technique. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, London 1997. A good help is (3) An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis, edited by Dylan Evans, Routledge, London, 1996. Concerning his person see (4) the biography from Elizabeth Roudinesco: Lacan. An Outline of a Life and History of a System of Thought. Polity Press, 1999.

Clinical work has its own approach and set of theories based on the psychoanalyst client relationship. But I suspect you are looking for something linear, a blow by blow, or development by development account. In fact nearly everything probably comes from Freud, even in a negative relationship to him. Feminism is related to his work as a point-concerned with inability to fit women in to his framework although most of his clients were women. Try Peter Gay, but as you are a novice any history will do.

Lacan is very theoretical and extremely abstract. There are many psychoanalysts who cannot work with his theories. Gabbard is a good introduction but how deep you want to dive depends on the reason you want/need to study this.

The English school of Object Relations is more based on research and observable behaviour. Melanie Klein, Winnicott, Margaret Mahler.

Although Freud and Lacan follow the same philosophy, there is a bridge between them. I would recommend to start with a “recent” book written by Viktor Frankl, in which he applies both ideologies “The man search for meaning”.