Hello.
I did run some coagulation / flocculation experiments[FS1] and I have been requested to characterize the sludge. I am ignorant on how to so. I was only requested to do SEM, XRD and Zata potential; however, my sludge was so few that i only have a small amount in filter paper. Is it possible to run SEM and XRD on such conditions? As for zeta potential, i have water pretreatment and posttreatment, is that the correct way to do it? Thanks in advance.
Hi dear Felipe,
How are you?
You could try to perform again the experiment for obtaining more sludge for other characterizations. In addition, with a few amount of material you can perform both SEM and XRD, but I recommend you that when you are performing the experiment for SEM that carry out SEM-EDX (because with EDX you will have an approximation of the amount of metals or substances that you have in your sample; and you won't need more sample)
For XRD, it is neccesary more amount of the sample, but will depend on the equipment that you will use. Furthermore, I don't know if is neccesary taking XRD since you are not sure that crystal or something like that is formed during sludge formation.If is possible, I suggest you TEM and FTIR (Infrared) for obtaining more information about your sludge.
**SEM-EDX and TEM and XRD are no destructive techniques, so, you could use the same sample, but, in both SEM and TEM you use very low amount of your sample.!!!
Finally, if you have any doubt please write me.
With kind regards,
Julián.
The best approach would be the chemical content analysis in sludge using the filters you have, and characterize sludge structure using non-intrusive mesaurement technique, such as image processing technique. I have many papers on the floc characteristics (not sludge though!). I hope those will be helpful to learn about the imaging technique and floc characterization. There are plenty of information in the literature on this topic as well. Good luck!
Dear all, to have appreciable quantity of sludges use centrifuge instead of filtration. The attached files deal with the characterization techniques. My Regards
Good afternoon. An SEM can be done only without filter paper (there will be no conductive contact). XRD can be done if the precipitate is deposited immediately on a low noise substrate. Filter paper gives a strong halo.
Sludge characterization involves description of sludge behavior in treatment processes and disposal. Appropriate characterization methods facilitate understanding and prediction of sludge properties. The characterization parameters belong to one of three categories: Indication of quantity, treat-ability or quality.
Sludge behavior in thickening and most dewatering processes can be evaluated by several accepted methods. Characterization of physical properties is still in its infancy, but methods have recently been proposed.
Common sludge characteristics are reflections of fundamental properties that can often be identified even if their influence is hard to quantify. The diversity and complexity of the sludge microcosms make generally valid relationships very hard to find.
https://books.google.az/books?
Sludge appropriate characterization methods facilitate understanding and prediction of sludge properties. The characterization parameters belong to one of three categories: Indication of quantity, treat-ability or quality. (XRD, TEM, SEM)
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