You are in the realm of politics and economics as well as biology. Books have been written about this problem and possible solutions. You might look into the literature produced by Fisheries Councils in the US - how they have been set up and what they have done. Good luck.
The key is to organize the space. To create a no take area, where no fishing is permited, a buffer area around it, where fishing and other activities are restricted and regulated and a fishing area outside. If the no take area is large enough (around 1000 m radius) it will be very effective in maintaining fish assemblage structure (including sizes and abundance) and will export biomass that help to maintain fishing activity outside. See here some references with ideas for optimal disign:
Pérez-Ruzafa A, García-Charton JA and Marcos C., 2017. North East Atlantic vs. Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas as Fisheries Management Tool. Front. Mar. Sci. 4:245. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00245
Pérez-Ruzafa, A., Martín, E., Marcos, C., Zamarro, J.M., Stobart, B., Harmelin-Vivien, M., Polti, S., Planes, S., García-Charton, J.A., and González-Wangüemert, M., 2008. Modelling spatial and temporal scales for spill-over and biomass exportation from MPAs and their potential for fisheries enhancement. Journal for Nature Conservation, 16 (4): 234-255.
There are lot of books and published paper to get your answer. You can go through the Fisheries Biology, Assessment and management by Michael king (Blackwell Publishing). Sustainable Fishing is necessary for economic development, but not over-fishing or under fishing. By input and output control any bad impact of fishing on marine protect area may be controlled.. Besides there might be some marine park, protected area, where no fishing will be done.
Hello David,
Angel Perez-Ruzafa has put it more clear for you. Define a marine Protected Area (MPA) and let the fishers do their activity outside that zone. The Book suggested by M. A. Azadi will also be very useful for you, esp Chapter Six.
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According to my point of view, first of all, the regulation on fishing inside MPA should be revised. If anyone violates the regulation, they should be punished.
And it is advisable to track the fishing boats with the help of VMS or other reliable tracking devices.
Stringent measures to stop fishing in the nearby area of protected marine areas. Banning the operation of destructive gears nearby And also implementation of mesh size regulation. Declare as no fishing zone.
Fishing is not always the problem--the gear and/or type of access can be an issue.
With many octopus fisheries, even heavy fishing can result in a greater biomass of octopus (i.e. fishing takes out large non-breeding individuals who predate on smaller members of their species -- so you can safely harvest 1.5 to 3 times the maximum biomass of that species). What you need is to use traps, long-line, or divers to take the fish and not damage the environment -- dragger trawls are very bad for the bottom and for by-kill.
Solution could be dividing the area in different zones, in order to have a no fishing area and a buffer zone, it allows the spill over effect the species. If you are talking about professional fishing and use of nets, you have to avoid the contribution of the by-catch effect with some modifications on the gears.
On doit développer l'aquaculture. C'est la seule alternative viable et pour une gestion durable de l'environnement. En effet quelque soit le milieu aquatique on peut implémenter une activité aquacole ( mariculture où aquiculture). En économie environnementale on parle de l'internalisation des externalités
When we established a commercial egg fishery for Paddlefish whose eggs are used for caviar, we set a high fishing permit price of $1,000 per year and a $3,000 per year fee for an egg processor permit. Then to prevent known violators from getting a permit, we checked their fish and wildlife violations or citations issued by all the adjacent states and by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. If an individual had a serious fish or wildlife violation within the last 3 years prior to the date of their application for a Paddlefish permit, we prohibited them from buy a Paddlefish permit and therefore excluded them from this lucrative fishery. This is a way that could be used to keep known violators from getting in a fishery.
Need to define your terms. In some cases, fishing causes problems by taking too many (overfishing). Closed areas (MPAs) can help fix this. Sometimes the gear itself is damaging such as destroying the substrate. Sometimes fishermen lose gear but it keeps fishing, and killing. To be effecting, and MPA needs to large enough to sustain a meaningful population of fishes, needs to be enforced well enough to keep poachers out. It may be possible, with adequate study and enforcement, to allow certain types of fishing at certain times without damaging the resources.
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