Can anyone suggest about the drug loading efficiency to the nanoparticles and nanotubes???Possible method for its release mechanism
Dear Ashu Srivastava, this is an important issue and has been discussed on researchgate many time. Please see following questions to get suitable answer.
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_can_I_measure_encapsulation_efficiency
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_best_technique_to_extract_encapsulated_drug_in_nanoparticles_for_direct_measurement_of_EE
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_measure_EE_directly_from_drug_loaded_NPs
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Hi_how_to_find_concentration_of_the_drug_in_the_supernatant_to_find_entrapment_efficiency_of_nanoparticles
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_could_I_measure_drug_loading_in_Micellar_drug_delivery_systems2
Greetings
Mubashar
As to discharge or release strategy, I propose utilizing Dialysis tube or sack. Through the sub-atomic weight of the medication pick a dialysis tube with a proper molecular weight cut off (MWCO). Undesired particles will stay inside the tube and the medication will discharge from the pack to the outside medium.
In this way, Pour the mixed drink in the tube and at different time interims measure the medication focus in the discharged medium utilizing UV/Vis spectrophotometer (if there is any absorbance!).
If it's not too much trouble take note of that you ought to put slick medication arrangement inside the sack too, to perceive the amount of medicat
You can utilize either the immediate or direct technique which is this one (what is encapsulated into the particles) or the roundabout, also called as indirect method (what was not exemplified into the nanoparticles) keeping in mind the end goal to figure the encapsulation efficiency. In the principal technique as you will need to break up the nanoparticles and the typified drug (nanoformulation) in the same dissolvable and measure the convergence of the medication with any explanatory strategy suits you best. With the circuitous technique, you can quantify the medication that was not typified (measure the supernatant after the method of exemplification and the disconnection of the nanoparticles (centrifugation).
Capture proficiency gives you a thought regarding the %drug that is effectively entangled/adsorbed into nanoparticles. It is ascertained as takes after:
%EE = [(Drug included - Free "unentrapped drug")/Drug added] *100
Sample: If the %EE is 20%, it implies that 20% of your medication is captured into the nanoparticles.
Stacking limit helps you to manage nanoparticles after their partition from the medium and to know their medication content. It is ascertained using the taking after comparison:
%LC = [Entrapped Drug/nanoparticles weight] * 100
Illustration: If the stacking limit is 20%, it implies that 20% of the nanoparticles weight is made out of the medication! i.e. Every 1 mg nanoparticles contains 0.2 mg drug.
Each drug and purpose requires a different nanoparticle material and loading method. Stay away from nanotubes. They are asbestos revisited.
Hi, Pls see below text and attached file:
Encapsulation efficiency is commonly measured by encapsulating a hydrophilic marker (i.e. radioactive sugar, ion, fluorescent dye), sometimes using single-molecule detection. The techniques used for this quantification depend on the nature of the entrapped material and include spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, enzymebased
methods, and electrochemical techniques (22, 24, 54).
If a separation technique such as HPLC or FFF (Field Flow
Fractionation) is applied, the percent entrapment can be expressed
as the ratio of the unencapsulated peak area to that of a reference
standard of the same initial concentration. This method can be
applied if the nanoliposomes do not undergo any purification
(e.g. size exclusion chromatography, dialysis, centrifugation, etc.)
following the preparation. Any of the purification technique
serves to separate nanoliposome encapsulated materials from
those that remain in the suspension medium. Therefore, they can
also be used to monitor the storage stability of nanoliposomes in
terms of leakage or the effect of various disruptive conditions on
the retention of encapsulants. In the latter case, total lysis can be
induced by the addition of a surfactant such as Triton X100.
Retention and leakage of the encapsulated material depend on
the type of the vesicles, their lipid composition and Tc, among
other parameters. It has been reported that SUV and MLV type
liposomes are less sensitive than LUV liposomes to temperatureinduced
leakage (Fig. 6). This property of liposomes and nanoliposomes
can be used in the formulation of temperature-sensitive
vesicles (55).
Since techniques used to separate nanoliposome-entrapped
from free material can potentially cause leakage of contents (e.g.
ultracentrifugation) and, in some cases, ambiguity in the extent of
separation, research using methods that do not rely on separation
are of interest. Reported methods include 1H NMR where free
markers exhibit pH sensitive resonance shifts in the external
medium versus encapsulated markers; diffusion ordered 2D
NMR, which relies on the differences in diffusion coefficients of
entrapped and free marker molecules; fluorescence methods
where the signal from unencapsulated fluorophores was quenched
by substances present in the external solution; and electron spin
resonance (ESR) methods which rely on the signal broadening of
unencapsulated markers by the addition of a membrane-impermeable
agent (54).
Encapsulation Efficiency of nanoliposome-loaded peptide fraction? - ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Encapsulation_Efficiency_of_nanoliposome-loaded_peptide_fraction [accessed Jan 23, 2017].
Chapter Nanoliposomes: preparation and analysis.
Dear Ashu,
You can extrapolate what I explained above giving nanoliposomes as an example of carrier system to your nanoparticles and nanotubes. Any more questions? Just let me know.
Dear Sir,
I read the above article and ok with the suggestions to. In my case I have very low volume of nanotube/ nanospheres and the paclitaxel drug which I am trying to load by simple physical adsorption method. I am able to get the peak for loading but not getting the peak for release profile due to less volume of sample. So, Is there any method to detect these efficiency?
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