To understand QM the problem is that sometime there is wrong hypothesis, but as we have learned it from our Professor, it can be very difficult to suspect it. The case of the octet rule is one example. According to this rule in a chemical compound the electrons of the metal complete the shell of the metalloid to give a full outermost shell. But, since 1962 we know that Xenon compounds exist: Chernick C.L., Rec. Chem. Prog., 24, 139-155, (1962), see also “From Ln valence to that of 3d”.
I think that the deep difficulties in QM are in fact to correct our wrong hypothesis.
One difficulty was to understand the valence of the lanthanum and the other rare earths. It was suppose one 5d electron with La, in strong contradiction with the teaching of the periodic table. With a role of valence of the Xenon shell for the Ln, see “From Ln valence to that of 3d”, this problem disappears.
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