I don't know of such a database, but if you can make a list of drugs you are interested in using, you can check the literature on them to see if they are fluorescent. Or you can do the experiment.
Anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin) are one class of cancer drugs that are fluorescent, and there are many papers on using anthracycline fluorescence to measure their accumulation in cells. However, they have high solubility.
The Life Technologies catalog of Molecular Probes is a good source of information on compounds that are fluorescent, often including their spectra.