Following

following

Dear Muhammad

surely, if you have altered the questionnaire substantially, EFA will be the way to go. Given enough time, you should then find another sample independent of the one you ran your EFA on and conduct CFAs and SEM.

You could also try to run CFAs and SEM first and in case they do not match you hypotheses (i.e. poor model-fit), run and EFA "in the background" to get to know your data.

Hope that helps.

All the best

Marcel

Thank you Marcel Grieger. Could you rpovide a sample paper or the reference for the below text:

" You could also try to run CFAs and SEM first and in case they do not match you hypotheses (i.e. poor model-fit), run and EFA "in the background" to get to know your data"

The reason is my measurement model in PLS-SEM has been established.

Dear Muhammad

Why you should use EFA despite prior knowledge when developing an instrument:

Henson, R. K. & Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(3), 393–416. (p. 407)

At a quick glance, I can only provide you with German sources on when to use CFA, but you will surely find something in the following books/texts on the subject:

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective (7. ed.). Upper Saddle River NJ u.a.: Pearson.

Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A. & King, J. (2006). Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323–338.

Just in case your data happens to be non-metric, this paper on fit-indices might be useful.

Li, C.-H. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behavior Research Methods, 48(3), 936–949.

On that subject, I can provide you with many more, should you be at that stage.

All the best!

Marcel