In the above article (https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112360) published on 5/27/2021 in the Journal of Clinical Medicine (Supplement on Stomatology), Dr. Lohinai and myself review our previously published studies that describe how lysine decarboxylase (Ldc) initiates gingival inflammation to set up a butyrate-activated destructive microbiome. Lysine is an amino acid essential for the integrity and continuous renewal of dentally attached epithelium that provides a barrier to microbial products. Our hypothesis is that the lysine-deprived dental attachment lets bacterial products stimulate inflammation. The resulting inflammatory exudate (gingival crevicular fluid, GCF) provides better substrates than saliva for cadaverine to support a butyrate-producing microbiome that destroys the periodontium (dysbiosis). A long-standing paradox is that Ldc and butyrate production both support a commensal (probiotic) microbiome in the intestine. In the above review, we describe how the different bacteria and physiology of these two tissues explain how the different functions of Ldc and butyrate in the oral cavity and intestine impact the progression and control of these two chronic diseases.
An important clinical issue that we note in this review is that regular oral hygiene plays the same role in controlling the microbiome and maintaining an intact epithelial barrier to bacteria in the human oral cavity as peristalsis does in the intestinal tract. As far as we are aware, only some primates such as gorillas are known to groom each other by cleaning their oral cavity. My question is this: How do rodents and other mammals, maintain a healthy oral cavity throughout life, or do they in fact develop periodontal disease as they age? Alternatively, do they not live long enough to develop periodontal disease in a natural environment?
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