For example, a meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials is done. Then one of the trials among the 5, after a long term follow up, updates its data in another paper. Can we update the previously conducted meta-analysis on the rationale that one of the studies has updated its data?
Yes, it can be updated. However, there should be sufficient studies (more studies) should have been published after the previous meta-analysis.
Generally, meta-analysis is updatable if three new studies have been published after the latest review. You can update using less than of three new studies if the new study has enough participants ex. 50 % of patients included in the previous review.
I updated a cochrane review using revman, titled; antibiotics for prevention of complications associated with measles, one study from Ginnea Basseu [sorry not sure how to spell this country name - it is a while ago]. I think it has been updated yet again and my name is knocked off author list now as they have an odd system as I was a past author so now I'm not on author list as I didn't help with the last update.
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