It is very easy be wrong when you do a forecast. I am ready ready to be proven wrong.

Anyway the themodinamic cycles are not green due to 2nd principle of thermodinamics limitations.

On the other side the electric technologies are not completely green becauase are consuming not renewable resources: I mean lithium for batteries, copper, platinum for cathalisis, rare earths for magnets, and so on.

I see not possible in short times a complete transition

Electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular in the automotive market. These vehicles face several problems such as cost, autonomy, availability of charging stations and recharging time, which makes consumers reluctant to acquire this type of vehicle. In the best of cases, electric cars have a range of about one hundred kilometers with a recharging time of about ten hours. In addition, the sources of electrical energy are not always renewable. Generally, pollution is only relocated when fossil or nuclear energy is used. Another problem that electric vehicles face is the production of batteries that incorporate polluting materials. In addition, the batteries have a limited life span without maintenance possibilities, which causes serious environmental problems caused by the used batteries.

A solution that seems to be practical and rational is the use of hybrid vehicles. These vehicles produce their own electric energy through their thermal engine. Therefore, vehicles running on gasoline and diesel will always have their place in the automotive market and their research will not disappear.

Dr. L. Izidi.

My research has indicated that this is definitely not going to be the case. Gasoline and Diesel Engines, will have a place in future research and development.

The problem with Electric Vehicles is that the specific materials needed to make the switch permanently (Lithium, Cobalt and Nickel) are scarce and are only available in large scale from specific countries, namely, from China, Chile, Australia and politically unstable Congo. Moreover, some of these countries have a very large carbon footprint.

You can also refer to tradingeconomics.com to compare the prices of these minerals and check how much they have increased in the past 5 years.

Additionally, the short longevity and deterioration of batteries are the key disadvantages of BEVs over gasoline and diesel vehicles. Moreover, the production of batteries for electric vehicles also produces more emissions than the production of traditional vehicles.

A further problem, especially considering the current global scenario of countries monopolizing the oil and gas supplies, is that coal and fossil fuels are needed to be used extensively to meet the energy demand, especially in Europe, where the switch to Electrical Mobility was at the forefront at one point. Hence, the electric vehicles are actually being driven by non-green energy.

The disposal of used batteries is again a concern since it is extremely difficult.

Hence, you can consider that traditional engines will have a place in research and development, at least in our lifetimes.

Prioritizing renewable energy at pace will help electric vehicles, but still it is a far cry from completely replacing traditional vehicles.

Also, as Eliseo Galli said, I would be ready and happy to be proven wrong in my research.

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining place due to several factors, including the price reduction as well as the climate and environmental awareness. the EV market is growing rapidly, and this price margin is expected to shrink considerably in the coming years as manufacturers produce more affordable models and battery technology (which is the most expensive part of an EV) improves.

However, electric cars can travel less distance. AEVs on average have a shorter range than gas-powered cars. Electric cars take longer to “refuel”. Fueling an all-electric car can also be an issue. Electric cars are more expensive, and battery packs may need to be replaced.

While electric cars don't emit exhaust fumes, they do use batteries which can emit toxic fumes. Most electricity used to power electric vehicles is generated from non-renewable energy sources, which can have a negative impact on both our health and the environment.

As regulations regarding traditional automobiles and emissions become tighter around the world, the future of the internal combustion engine becomes more uncertain, which is a great concern to those involved in the lubricant business. However, many of the industry professionals believe that the sales of internal combustion engines will continue around the world, due to the increasing size of the market.

As the number of individuals owning cars continues to grow, it would take the electric car market up to 25 years to supply everyone with an electric car.

Well currently, into the near future the vast majority of cars on the road will be powered by internal combustion engines.

So, it only makes sense to make sure they are as efficient as possible. Through our global research centres and partnerships with the automotive industry, they are improving the internal combustion engine and advancing game-changing transportation technologies that can significantly reduce emissions and improve fuel efficiency for energy consumers around the world.

The combustion engine will not disappear, but its days are indeed numbered. EVs have many attributes, including the cool factor, but ICE is full of convenience. The globe is already covered in accessible gas stations. The average lifespan of a new fossil-fuel car is 10 years….and are often kept much longer. Diesel engines will operate continuously for an incredible 1,000,000-1,500,000 miles before requiring significant maintenance. In reality, a well-maintained diesel engine will last 30 years or more.

We will still be seeing the exhaust and hearing the engines roar for some time.

Inevitably, existing ICE-powered vehicles will be around for a number of decades after the sale of new ICE-powered vehicles is banned.

Therefore, ICE-powered vehicles running on gasoline and diesel will always have their place in the automotive market and their research will not disappear at least for some decades.

Dears Dr. Lahouari Izidi and prof. Medhat Elkelawy

Considering the limitation of the range of the distance traveled for each charging with about one hundred kilometers in the best of cases with a recharging time of about ten hours, this limitation pushes its usage to be in cities, not for long roads between territories and regions. In this case, its environmental features will gain many various scores.

Anyway, many interventions in city planning and sustainability aspects should be considered multilevel, where standards must be recalculated to ensure the expected benefits.

Dear Dr. Usama Konbr

The autonomy of an electric vehicle depends essentially on the capacity of the lithium-ion batteries used. A long-range battery has a direct impact on the cost of the vehicle. Manufacturers propose a cost/range compromise to be able to offer electric cars at acceptable costs, knowing that most users drive less than 100 km per day.

Diesel and Gasoline powered vehicles will still exit in the market due to the fact that it can sustain in every environment with no distance limitation. However, development of self charging electric powered vehicles may overtake fuel powered vehicles and will be environmental friendly.