Hello
I am trying to assist a graduate student with the results section of her dissertation.
In the attached article we did moderation and mediation analyses. We also have used the PROCESS as shown here, I am copying from the anlysis section the following "We conducted moderation and mediation tests using multiple programs and software which included SEM, SPSS, AMOS,
SOBEL test, and PROCESS Macros for SPSS. In order to confirm if avariable is making a moderation effect in the relationship between an independent variable and adependent variable, the nature of this relationship must change once the moderator variable changes. The inclusion of the interaction in the model should lead to a significant explanation in the outcome variance better than without. The following two steps were followed to examine the moderation effect: in step one of the regression model, we entered the predictor and the moderator. Both effects as well as the explained variance (R2) of the model should be significant. In step two of the regression model, we entered the interaction effect and checked if it was significant as well as the change in R2 of the model. Moderation is considered to occur if previous results were significant. In
other words, moderation occurs when the direction, strength, or both of the relation between an independent and a
dependent variable are affected by a third variable, which is termed amodera.."
In the attached article we did moderation and mediation analyses. We also have used the PROCESS as shown here, I am copying from the anlysis section the following "We conducted moderation and mediation tests using multiple programs and software which included SEM, SPSS, AMOS,
SOBEL test, and PROCESS Macros for SPSS. In order to confirm if avariable is making a moderation effect in the relationship between an independent variable and adependent variable, the nature of this relationship must change once the moderator variable changes. The inclusion of the interaction in the model should lead to a significant explanation in the outcome variance better than without. The following two steps were followed to examine the moderation effect: in step one of the regression model, we entered the predictor and the moderator. Both effects as well as the explained variance (R2) of the model should be significant. In step two of the regression model, we entered the interaction effect and checked if it was significant as well as the change in R2 of the model. Moderation is considered to occur if previous results were significant. In
other words, moderation occurs when the direction, strength, or both of the relation between an independent and a
dependent variable are affected by a third variable, which is termed amodera.."
The main issue to come up is perhaps the bootstrap approach used in PROCESS (Article Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, ...
), which could be compared to other methods.
Thank you so much! I am going to review and send to the student as well.
Hayes PROCESS macro-regression analysis is superior and more powerful than the Sobel’s test or/and Baron and Kenny’s causal steps method. Sobel’s test has low statistical power, because the product of indirect effect is not normally distributed, while Baron and Kenny’s method does not provide the standard error or the size of the indirect effect of the independent on the dependent variables. However, SPSS Hayes PROCESS macro-regression analysis overcomes the weaknesses of these approaches by generating thousands of empirical sampling (Bootstrapping) to test the indirect effect of mediation (a x b paths).
Highly recommended reveiw Zahao 2010 paper to identify the type of mediator.
Zhao X, Lynch Jr. JG, Chen Q.Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis. J Consum Res. 2010;37(2):197-206. doi:10.1086/651257.
The summary is
The similar signs of a, b and c′ paths refer to the complementary mediator; whereas a different signs refer to a competitive mediator (suppressor)
The attached file is the paper that might help: The discussion section shows that the mediation is answering the question "HOW?" the IV affects the DV.
Please find the attached paper entiteled "The Function of Patient-Centered Care in Mitigating the Effect of Nursing
Shortage on the Outcomes of Care"
All the best,
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Mathematical Sciences
- Statistics
- Statistical Software
- SPSS