The following HHS factsheet -- see link below & attachment - states that one can help prevent suicides by ASKING a person-at-risk directly if they have thoughts or plans to kill themselves; using the word SUICIDE will NOT suggest they kill themselves, but rather start a discussion which may help them.
https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/national-strategy-for-suicide-prevention-factsheet.pdf
What research demonstrated what has become "wisdom" in Suicide Prevention?
https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/September-2019/How-to-Ask-Someone-About-Suicide
There are several papers out there on google.
Sorry I put the wrong paper of mine, now it is corrected.
In the Dutch-language book, myths about suicide by Dr. Derek de Beurs, this is good descibed. Several studies show that asking about suicide has no long-term negative effect on mood or suicidality. More often, positive effects are observed, when talking about suicidality this seems to lead to fewer suicidal thoughts. Properly asking about suicidality is life-saving, and caregivers, teachers, neighbors
And/or friends dare to ask about suicidality. Several courses have been developed for how to ask the question..
References
Bajaj, P., Borreani, E., Ghosh, P., Methuen, C., Patel, M., & Crawford, M.J. (2008). Screening for suicidal thoughts in primary care: The views of patients and general practitioners. Mental Health in Family Medicine, 5, 229-235.
McCabe, R., Sterno, I., Priebe, S., Barnes, R., & Byng, R. (2017). How do healthcare professionals interview patients to assess suicide risk? BMC Psychiatry,17, 122.
Crane, C., Shah, D., Barnhofer, T., & Holmes, E.A. (2012). Suicidal imagery in a previously depressed community sample. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19, 57-69.
DeCou, C.R., & Schumann, M.E. (2018). On the iatrogenic risk of assessing suicidality: A meta-analysis. Suicide Life-Threatening Behavior, 48, 531-543.
Whitlock, J., Pietrusza, C., & Purington, A. (2013). Young adult respondent experiences of disclosing self-injury, suicide-related behavior, and psychological distress in a web-based survey. Archives of Suicide Research, 17, 20-32.
Jorm, A.F., Kelly, C.M., & Morgan, A.J. (2007). Participant distress in psychiatric
research: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 37, 917-926.
intervieuw:
Shea, S.C. (1998). The chronological assessment of suicide events: A practical
interviewing strategy for the elicitation of suicidal ideation. Journal of Clinical
Psychiatry, 59, 58-72.
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