Please follow a standard book on soil physical analysis as pointed out by Dr. Kundu. The quantity of soil required depends on the type of parameters want to analyze.
I recommend you lok at "Fundamentals of Soil Behaviour" J.K. Mitchell, John Wiley and Sons 1976. This provides a comprehensive review of soil properties from mineralogy, soil formation and soil deposits, determination of soil composition, soil water, soil behaviour,, and engineering properties, soil structure and stability, volume change behaviour, strength and deformation behaviour and conduction phenomena.
Beside this, as pointed by Dr. Ghafoor and Dr. Kundu, you may consult Manual on Soil, Plant and Water Analysis by Dhyan Singh, P. K. Chhonkar and B. S. Dwivedi, Westville Publishing House, New Delhi, ISBN 81-85873-26-7.