I'm not sure if you can have a chemical that is aggressive enough to lyse a cell, but that will not impact the proteins and DNA.

You can try mechanical cell destruction using sonication, grinding (might need to be frozen), or even a blender. While I have no direct experience with any of these methods, the environmental testing lab where I worked had used blenders to pulverize fish tissue for chemical analysis.

You can freeze dry and then mechanically disrupt (I did this in the past- with fruits tissues it was good enough in metabolomic studies and I remember having read similar approach for chicken).

You could try lab level extrusion: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12897787_A_Cell-Free_Assay_Allows_Reconstitution_of_Vps33p-Dependent_Transport_to_the_Yeast_VacuoleLysosome/figures?lo=1 or even high pressure mechanical extrusion through a fine plate with a commercial size unit.  May want to chill the test substrate first before doing this to preserve protein integrity.

Article A Cell-Free Assay Allows Reconstitution of Vps33p-Dependent ...