Coherent sampling is achieved by  finding $M_cycles$ and $N_samples$ which satisfy the following equation.

fin/fs = Mcycles / Nsamples

where fin is the input frequency, fs is the sampling frequency , Mcycles is the number of cycles and Nsamples is the number of samples.

Why do we need Mcycles to be a co-prime number of Nsamples?

I have read a lot of tutorials but they say in order not to sample different cycles at the same position and thus generates unduplicated data for FFT.  I am not sure it is the right reason. I feel it has something to do with avoiding aliasing for harmonics.

Does someone have a mathematical reason for choosing prime numbers?

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