Rice needs standing water for growth but wheat takes four to six irrigation up to harvesting. what are the mechanism which require more water in rice and not present in wheat?
wheat cultivation methods applied on rice then major problem weeds germinate but in wheat condition four to six irrigation, negligible weeds germinate?
There are different varieties of rice around the world, not all plant in water:
1. "It is important to know that not all types of rice require standing water for cultivation. There are upland rice types, which is suitable for water deficient conditions." [see picture for upland rice, from wikipedia]
2. "Upland rice is grown in rainfed fields prepared and seeded when dry, much like wheat or maize. The ecosystem is extremely diverse, including fields that are level, gently rolling or steep, at altitudes up to 2,000 metres and with rainfall ranging from 1,000 to 4,500 mm annually." [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upland_rice]
Attached is an useful review paper describes how rice can survive in standing water. Several genes response for it are discussed in the paper:
Paper: "Mechanisms for coping with submergence and waterlogging in rice"
A simple answer is this.
When the water is stagnating in the field the roots die due to lack of air. The dead roots are brown/ rusty in colour. The soil should have soil particles, air and moisture in equal proportions. The paddy plant can survive even when there is standing water. But, for a healthy paddy plant water should not be in stagnated situation in the field
https://www.quora.com/Why-do-rice-paddies-require-standing-water
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