How top dressing of nitrogenous fertilizers can be done in mulched wheat and rice crops and how should FYM/compost be applied in zero till wheat?

Respected Sir

Rk Naresh

Top Dressing of Nitrogenous Fertilizers in Mulched Wheat and Rice Crops

Top dressing involves the application of nitrogenous fertilizers to crops after they have been planted and have started growing. For mulched wheat and rice crops, this process requires careful consideration to ensure the fertilizer reaches the soil and is not obstructed by the mulch layer.

Timing: Apply nitrogenous fertilizers at key growth stages, such as tillering and panicle initiation in rice, and tillering and booting in wheat. This ensures the nutrients are available when the plants need them most.

Method:Manual Application: Spread the fertilizer evenly over the mulch. Rain or irrigation will help wash the fertilizer through the mulch to the soil. Mechanical Applicators: Use equipment designed to apply fertilizer beneath the mulch or to ensure even distribution over the mulch. Liquid Fertilizers: Use water-soluble nitrogen fertilizers that can be applied through irrigation systems (fertigation). This method allows the fertilizer to seep through the mulch more effectively.

Considerations:Ensure that the mulch is not too thick, which can prevent the fertilizer from reaching the soil. Irrigate after top dressing to facilitate the movement of the fertilizer through the mulch.

Application of FYM/Compost in Zero Till Wheat

Farmyard manure (FYM) or compost can enhance soil fertility and structure. In zero till systems, applying these organic amendments requires strategies that do not disturb the soil.

Pre-Sowing Application:Spread the FYM or compost evenly over the field before sowing the wheat. Incorporate the organic matter lightly into the top layer of soil using minimal disturbance tools such as a rotavator or a surface harrow, which aligns with the zero till principles.

In-Situ Application:If pre-sowing application is not possible, apply the FYM or compost between the rows of growing wheat. Ensure that the organic matter is not piled too high, which could smother the plants or impede growth.

Composting in Place:Utilize crop residues as mulch, which can decompose in place, adding organic matter to the soil. This aligns well with zero till practices as it avoids soil disturbance.

Mulch Management:Maintain a balance in mulch thickness to allow for the incorporation of organic matter without hindering plant growth. Ensure adequate moisture levels to facilitate the decomposition of FYM/compost and the release of nutrients to the plants.

By carefully timing and methodically applying nitrogenous fertilizers and organic amendments, farmers can maximize the benefits of these inputs in mulched and zero till systems without compromising the principles of minimal soil disturbance.

Murtadha Shukur

Top dressing nitrogen fertilizer in mulched wheat and rice:

Mulch can impact fertilizer application, but here's how you can effectively top dress nitrogen fertilizer in mulched wheat and rice:

Method:

Broadcast: Spread the fertilizer uniformly over the mulch layer. This is the simplest method, but some fertilizer might get absorbed by the mulch instead of reaching the soil.

Banding: Apply the fertilizer in bands beside the crop rows, either by hand or using specialized applicators. This ensures fertilizer reaches the root zone effectively while minimizing waste.

Urea Deep Placement (UDP): Inject urea fertilizer solution into the soil beneath the mulch layer using special tools. This is a precise method that minimizes nitrogen loss but requires specific equipment.

Considerations for mulch:

Mulch type: Coarse mulch like straw might require slightly higher fertilizer rates compared to finer mulch due to potential absorption.
Moisture content: Apply fertilizer when the mulch layer is moist to facilitate its movement into the soil.

FYM/Compost application in zero-till wheat:

Zero-till farming aims to minimize soil disturbance. Here's how to incorporate FYM/compost in this system:

Method:

Broadcasting: Spread FYM/compost evenly over the soil surface before planting.

Strip tillage: Create narrow strips of tilled soil where the wheat will be planted, and incorporate FYM/compost directly into these strips. This balances minimal tillage with organic matter addition.

Seed-placed banding: Place a small amount of FYM/compost directly with the seeds during planting. This provides localized nutrients to young seedlings but requires specialized planters.

Considerations:

FYM/compost quality: Ensure the compost is well-decomposed to avoid harming seedlings.
Nutrient content: Test your FYM/compost to understand its nutrient profile and adjust your main fertilization plan accordingly.

Additional tips:

Soil testing: Regularly test your soil to determine its nitrogen content and guide your fertilizer application rates.
Split application: Consider dividing your total nitrogen fertilizer needs into multiple top-dressings throughout the growing season for better utilization by crops.
Precision agriculture techniques: Techniques like sensor-based N application can further optimize fertilizer use based on real-time crop health data.

Remember, consulting with local agricultural extension services or experienced farmers can provide specific recommendations based on your region's soil conditions and crop varieties.

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