Several reasons are possible. It's hard to pin point a single cause to the apparent rise in occurrence of mosquito borne diseases, as this is most likely multi-causal (instead of having a single cause). Possible causes can be:

1. Global warming, point A. More areas are suitable for mosquito survival.

2. Global warming, point B. The change in weather patterns due to global warming make the weather more unpredictable and more extreme - huge floods are thought to be more likely. The chaos after these events might put mosquito control as perhaps not the most important event after the flood (versus infrastructure rebuilding, for example), making an explosion on mosquitoes possible.

3. Deforestation. Humans keep pressuring environments, contact with previously forest only diseases is more common and likely, possibly easing emergence of new diseases.

4. Urbanization. Humans are living more and more in population-dense urban environments. The human density ease disease spread, while the precarious urban environments provide suitable habitats for a plethora of mosquitoes to reproduce. The year 2007 marked the year in which 50% of the human population lived in urban areas - this process is expected to continue expanding.

5. Better detection of diseases. Despite Zika being known to infect humans since the end of 1940's and that evidence for wide-spread infection in humans back then existed, no recognition of neurological symptoms in adults of fetuses were reported. This could be because the virus back then was a bit different (did not have a mutation that lead to that, for example), or that nowadays there are better structured surveillance systems ready to detect these events.

6. Human movement. Air and ship traffic are at a history high maximum. It's easy (albeit relatively expensive, but it is possible) to cross the entire world in less than 20 hours. Someone infected with Zika could possibly travel the world and infect mosquitoes somewhere else even before beginning to show clinical symptoms. This was not possible 100 years ago, and was much more difficult 50 years ago.

Those are just a few possible answers for your question. There are plenty of review papers that expand those points and point to several others.

Best;

Dear Igor Paploski,

Many thanks. It will help me a lot.

Best wishes

Imran

I think we can add drug resistance too

I think climate change and rising temperatures, where winter has become warm in many parts of the world, are an important reason for the spread of mosquitoes.

Thank you all

One reason is simple: Increased warmth and precipitation are permitting mosquitoes to thrives in habitats where they were at best marginal before. Another factor is that both air and other cargo transfer systems are carrying infected mosquitoes across a greater range of territories. Sometimes, there is a secondary infection from contaminated animals or goods that transfers the disease to species and places that had never seen them before. We saw this with WNV when the inhabitants of an alligator farm in Florida became ill. Necropolises showed they died of WNV. The source was contaminated horse meet from the Northeast US that was flown down as feed fort he animals.

increasing temperature day by day and variate climatic factor for responsible of mosquito borne diseases

Thank you all. All the answers are highly important for me.

Any suggestion further for Chikungunya fever related study with climate in urban center.

These may be multi factorial including but not limited to the following; Increasing warm environment for multiplication of mosquitoes, increasing breeding grounds and perhaps resistance of the mosquitoes to insecticides

What Mosquitoes likes: 1: Blood type – Depending on the type of blood you have, you secrete different scents. Studies have shown that mosquitoes are most attracted to Type O blood and least attracted to Type A. No changing your blood type either. Lactic acid – Lactic acid is emitted through your skin when you are active or eating certain foods.

2: One study found that in a controlled setting, mosquitoes landed on people with Type O blood nearly twice as often as those with Type A. People with Type B blood fell somewhere in the middle of this itchy spectrum.

3: Mosquitoes are stimulated by a number of factors when seeking out a blood meal. Initially, they're attracted by the carbon dioxide we exhale. Body heat is probably important too, but once the mosquito gets closer, she will respond to the smell of a potential blood source's skin.

4: Fragrances are known to attract mosquitoes. Avoid perfume, cologne, perfumed shampoos, hand creams, soaps, fabric softeners, detergent, etc.

5: Unhygienic and Dirty environment attracts the Mosquitoes. Infact it act as a Breeding factory for the Mosquitoes

6: Standing water or Dirty water act as a breeding factory for the Mosquitoes

7: Animal Farms or Birds farms near Human residential areas contribute to increased in number of Mosquitoes and their biting diseases.

Mosquito-Borne Diseases. Mosquito-borne diseases are those that are transmitted to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. The diseases spread by mosquitoes can be caused by a parasite, as in the case of malaria, or by viruses, as is the case for Zika fever and numerous others. Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes include: malaria, dengue, West Nile virus, chikungunya, yellow fever, filariasis, tularemia, dirofilariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Ross River fever, Barmah Forest fever.

Prevention Methods:

How to avoid mosquito bites:

1: Wear light colours. A little-known fact is that mosquitoes are attracted to dark colours. ...

2: Use insect repellent. ...

3: Avoid certain times of day. ...

4: Wear appropriate clothing. ...

5: Remove standing water. ...

6: Use an insect net. ...

7: Keep air circulated.

8: Use a safe and effective mosquito repellent:

9: Wear loose fitting, light colored, long sleeved shirts and pants.

10: Avoid outdoor activity, if possible, or be sure to wear repellent during peak mosquito feeding times:

I hope it helps.... Regards

Many Thanks All of you, It will help me a lot.

In addition to what I wrote previously, there are several studies being conducted on mosquitoes by many researchers on a wide range of issues across the globe. Perhaps these studies could have given more insight to what mosquitoes have been capable of abhorring and transmitting to humans. In my view therefore, the amount of extensive studies being conducted on mosquitoes contribute tremendously on new findings in their relationship and association with many diseases currently being mentioned. We however still continue to search more information on mosquitoes in relationship with human diseases.

Dear Imran AHMED Khan

Mosquito borne diseases are on the rise due to increase in mosquito population. In my opinion, global warming, increased area under paddy cultivation, water logging owing to mismanagement of irrigation water and increased use of pesticides for mosquito control are the main reasons behind increase in mosquito population.

Good luck!

Controlling these small organisms is a challenge now, especially as they are transmitted by wild animals such as rodents and birds, making control of them very difficult if not impossible.

The World Health Organization classifies mosquitoes as one of the biggest threats to public health, especially in developing countries

For countries, it costs millions of dollars and billions of mosquito-borne diseases, and governments must fund programs to control and prevent mosquitoes, from pesticide use to mosquito nets, public education campaigns and vaccination initiatives.

In addition, there are more studies being conducted on mosquitoes and there are more modern diagnostic tools for conducting them. This has perhaps increased findings on the role of mosquitoes in these many diseases

thanks