Biodegradable polymer nanoparticles, with a large surface/volume ratio would be my first choice.
There is another kind of theranostics that involves the diagnosis and treatment with plasmonic nanoparticles that have a Raman tag. Or also iron oxide nanoparticles that provide contrast in MRI, for example.
Hi, based on cost, simple preparation, profile release, penetration in cell, antigenicity, loading capacity and many other determining factors there are different answers for your question. But in sum , mesoporos silica, biodegradable polymer and magnetic nano-particles are good choices for your case.
Wilhelm S, Tavares AJ, Dai Q, Ohta S, Audet J, Dvorak HF, Chan WC. Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumours. Nature Reviews Materials. 2016 May;1(5):16014.