Hello, I have one problem with the sequence of DNA which would be used as the evidence for lung cancer Please help me and guide me about this problem.
Thank you.
Hello Pradeep Kumar Singh
Cancer is a result of gene mutations. Mutations may be caused by aging, exposure to chemicals, radiation, hormones or other factors in the body and the environment. Over time, several mutations may occur in a single cell, allowing it to divide and grow in a way that becomes a cancer.
Lung cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the lungs become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form tumor. Lung cancer is generally divided into two types, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, based on the size of the affected cells when viewed under a microscope.
In nearly all cases of lung cancer, genetic changes are acquired during a person's lifetime and are present only in certain cells in the lung. These changes, which are called somatic mutations, are not inherited. Somatic mutations in many different genes have been found in lung cancer cells. In rare cases, the genetic change is inherited (germline mutations).
Somatic mutations in p53, EGFR, and KRAS genes are common in lung cancers. The p53 gene provides instructions for making a protein, called p53, that is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches (binds) directly to DNA. The protein regulates cell growth and division by monitoring DNA damage. When DNA is damaged, p53 helps determine whether the DNA will be repaired, or the cell will self-destruct i.e., undergo apoptosis.
p53 gene mutations result in the production of an altered p53 protein that cannot bind to DNA. The altered protein cannot regulate cell proliferation effectively and allows DNA damage to accumulate in cells.
The methods used for the detection of p53 mutations are based either on genomic DNA or mRNA as a template. The most widely used methods are based on DNA sequencing. You can also detect p53 mutations at the mRNA level (using cDNA sequencing).
You can use p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as an accurate, cheap and fast method to investigate. p53 mutation status. p53 IHC can be interpreted as negative or positive based on the percentage of stained tumor cell nuclei using variable cut-offs.
Another best way to measure p53 (both total levels and the activated forms via phosphorylation) would be by Western Blot which is the best method to see the expression of p53 and phospho-p53.
The p53 abnormal status can be associated with a poorer survival prognosis.
I hope this information will help you.
Best Wishes.
Hello Mr. Malcolm Nobre. Thank you very much for sharing your valuable information. This information will enhance my knowledge about cancer.
With regards.
You can do qPCR to evaluate the amount of TP53. You also can do IHC, WB.
https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol201185
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