Dear colleagues in different fields of transport planning. I am currently conducting a study called "An integrated study of Park and Ride (P&R) facilities for sustainable urban mobility," which involves research and evaluation of the P&R system components in a mid-sized Latin American city. I have already researched the following: Land use, location of facilities, starting points for travel generation, catchment area, P&R demand, P&R capacity, dynamic accessibility, environment, interaction between (conventional, autonomous, electric vehicles with the P&R system)
I would like to know your opinion as transport planners, which other components should be taken into consideration. Thank you in advance for your feedback.
According to my experience it is worth considering:
· parking costs at P&R (free, paid or integrated with a ticket on a bus, tram)
· passengers' habits (not everyone will want to give up their own vehicle)
· integration with public transport lines (number of lines, directions of communication lines, frequency of public transport)
· level of parking fees in the city center
Best Regards
Krystian Pietrzak
Thank you for your feedback Krystian Pietrzak . Adding cost functions could allow private vehicle users to switch through the P&R system to a more user-friendly transport mode, such as the public transport system. In fact, I think it is one of the keys to the study of private vehicle user behavior to change to public transport.
The second interesting point is to add an Intelligent Transport (IT) system that links the operation of public transport with the P&R system. A detailed study of the public transport routes that are connected to the P&R system is needed. Thus, users could check if it is a parking lot available and simultaneously the timetable of public transport.
I will investigate everything you mention, thank you for contributing to this topic with your experience.
You may also consider interchange facilities between the park and the public transport. In the light of global security challenge, security of parked vehicle is another component.
Park facility - secure car parking, options for bicycle parking (e.g. Parkiteer), bicycle access to the facility from off-road trails, community bus connections, walking connections, electric bus recharging, electric car / bicycle recharging, secure toilets for commuters at beginning / end of journey, drinking water available
Ride - electric bus option, attract GHG-emission-conscious commuters, attract active commuters - walk, cycle, bus capacity, distancing measures (COVID), bus hygiene - bacterial wipes or gel, cycle racks for active commuters needing to ride at both ends of journey
The park and ride facilities should be integrated with all transport modes without focusing on only switching to the public transport . Additionally, the locations of park-and -ride facilities could be optimized and relocated with the long term plan of a city. And the operational management on a park-and-ride facility , which can be reflected in a reduction in process time. All of what you mentioned should be combined in a utility function where a traveler can maximize his/her benefit (time is a cost). Value of travel time is another topic which deserves your attention!
I consider that other essential elements would be:
- The cost of parking.
- Investigate the willingness of the population to use the Park and Ride service.
- Improve public transport connections.
- Study the implementation of ITS systems to achieve a better connection between public and private transport.
You also need information on traffic volume, locations where you have peak traffic and time. Distance of the proposed P&R from essential activities of the residents should also be factored in.
Everyone above has contributed some excellent ideas. Here's some other thoughts:
1) In order to make Park and Ride more effective, transit as a whole must be more effective. Signal prioritization and/or dedicated bus lanes, bus rapid transit, and quality commuter or light rail matter to the perception of the user.
2) Perceived improvement in quality and utility leads to desire to utilize the system.
3) In regards to the Park and Ride itself, driver and rider education matters. People won't change modes without helping them to understand the benefits.
4) Look at the alternate modes people use in the area in which the Park and Ride exists. Include secured bike racks, and provide easy pay.
5) Allow for pay-by-internet and pay-by-mail for monthly pass users. Combine parking and transit fees in one easy effort.
6) Allow priority spots (bike/car) for monthly pass holders.
well, i think most people wont like to leave their car/vehicle,so. there must be a relationship between private users and public transport users (cost/ticketing or payment system ) to create choice among the users. and dont forget users end feedback system .
AIT(artificial intelligent transport)is key too.
sorry its late.
Dear Jairo, can I point you in the direction of some work we recently completed here in Scotland with the regional transport partnership where I work (SEStran) https://sestran.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/SEStran-Park-and-Ride-Strategic-Study-Final-Report.pdf
Ample parking space and good public transport services for riding, integrated multimodal transport to ensure convenient & safe transfers between modes.
Before implementing P&R system for any Transit, it is important to study the willingness of the citizens to use the Transit service and to investigate the availability of other feeder services such as feeder buses, shared services, etc.
As mentioned by Alex Dawn, it always increases the Car km and will definitely adversely affect the feeder service if available. Hence at the Policy level, it is necessary to think for other feeders also.
You can think of incentives also, if P&R is used by shared cars based on occupancy as it is mostly used by commuters.
Passengers Origin and Destination data, Parking Safety and Commute Distance are some of the components to be considered
This figure can help u, and also review my article A Review on the Factors Influencing the Park-and-Ride Traffic Management Method
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