Whales are aquatic mammals that are very close relatives of artiodactyls, even-toed ungulates, and so naturally share very similar DNA with giraffes, hippopotami, pigs and cows. That is stunning evidence in support of common ancestry and the evolution of whales from terrestrial animals. However, the field of evo-devo has to contend with how a genome similiar to that of hoofed mammals is compatible with an organism with so many aquatic adaptations. Evo-devo proponents, recognizing that all tetrapods share the same number and type of genes, have proposed that differences in anatomy are due to subtle differences in regulatory DNA that affect gene expression. But if a cetacean genome is finally sequenced and analyzed, and its cis-regulatory sites show evidence of functional conservation rather than innovation, as is found elsewhere, how would Evo-devobots respond to such a development?

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