Thanks for your question. Sometimes question is very useful for obtained results discussion. As concerning functionally-graded materials (FGM), it are ones with gradient initial porosity, density or strenght (for instance, shear modulus, spall streght, etc). These materials are promising candidate on protective structures against armour piercing projectile. We believe the materials are poor studied under impact load. Also we study steel plate with gradient substrate and conduct comprative analasys with monolithic plate the same mass. As concerning laminated composites you might their cross section is available in existing literature. I think that Step-vise functionally-graded materials and functionally-graded materials is the same. But, I recommend you recognize with opinion of other researchers. Good luck
In the most generalized form, there is no difference between laminates and Step-Wise Functionlay Graded Materials. However, this is a matter of terminology. In essence, if you want to get some special properties: add a protective layer, a layer with a different thermal expansion coefficient, a heating element, an optical fiber with a Bragg grating, or something else, then the material, in addition to the mechanical properties of the laminate, receives new special functional properties and becomes Step-Wise Functionlay Graded Material.
Laminated composites and step-wise functionally graded materials (FGM) are both types of materials that are made up of multiple layers or regions with different properties. However, there are some key differences in the way these materials are structured and their properties:
In general, laminated composites are simpler in structure and are easier to manufacture, but they may not have the same level of design flexibility as step-wise FGM materials. Step-wise FGM materials offer more design freedom, but they can be more difficult to manufacture and may be more expensive.
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